Organizational Developement Free Essays

This is a significant idea in viable counseling since hen we know about our association in the association, it’s permits the specialist to find where level are the individuals, how might we do to improve certain things, how they use to work. It’s permits the specialist to discover an answer for certain issues. 2. We will compose a custom exposition test on Hierarchical Developement or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now In the event that individuals are keen, for what reason do they have to figure out how to learn? I'm not catching Argyles' meaning by that? By that Arises implies that regardless of whether individuals are keen they have to figure out how to learn. In the content Arises said that:† They once in a while experience failure† and since they are quite often effective, they don’t realize how to deal with disappointment the day when it’s show up. This Is call â€Å"single circle learning’. He additionally clarifies that individuals don’t see that they can Improve their learning by utilize the idea call â€Å"Double circle learning†. This idea talk about how to permit us to consider how and why an individual acting. 3. What is the distinction among procedure and substance? What is your solace as a specialist dealing with the procedure level? On the substance level? How solid are your procedure abilities? How would you know? What are your â€Å"content† claim to fame regions? I. E. , where would you be able to, as a specialist, include content an incentive In hierarchical dynamic? ) And would it be advisable for you to? A procedure can be characterize as Sequence of associated and connected techniques which, at each stage, devour at least one assets (representative, time, vitality, machines, cash) to change over sources of info (information, material, parts, and so forth ) into yields. These yields at that point fill in as contributions for the following stage until a known objective or final product Is reached. An idea can be characterized as something which must be done a reason to achieve; this Is the thing that creates the procedure. I figure I would be more grounded on the procedure level. I realize that in light of the fact that I’m the individual from a Hip Hop band that I have made, and I realize that when we have something to accomplish for instance a music to perform or to record, I know precisely what to do and what I have to state all together that different individuals from the band did what they need to do, I feel that in regards to my examination my substance strength zone will be the showcasing and the administration section 4. How could/would an effective change operator apply Chain’s model to his/her work? However, there was many individuals this year so they couldn’t permit everyone to take an interest and all the people who were in temporary position like me had not the option to go to this unique day. * Egocentric problem: In one of my last temporary position I was working with a supervisor who was extremely egocentric and all when I attempt to propose him some news things he was changing my recommendation with one of him and state to me it was on the grounds that he has more understanding than me. Step by step instructions to refer to Organizational Developement, Papers

When Most is Enough

Alexandra Kollontai †Biography Free Essays

Anecdotal data: Name †Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai Born †March 31st 1872 in St. Petersburg Died †March ninth 1952 in Moscow Occupation †Russian socialist progressive, Soviet Ambassador to Norway Family foundation: Kollontai was destined to a generally affluent family. Her dad, General Mikhail Alekseevich Domontovich, filled in as a Calvary official in the Russo-Turkish war and was a consultant to the Russian organization in Bulgaria. We will compose a custom paper test on Alexandra Kollontai †Biography or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Kollontai’s mother, Alexandra Androvna Masalina-Mravinskaia, was a girl of a Finnish worker who made a fortune selling wood. Kollontai’s parent’s long and troublesome battle to be together would shading her perspectives on connections, sex and marriage. Kollontai was amazingly close with her dad, both sharing an enthusiasm for history and legislative issues. Instruction: Kollontai’s mother and her caretaker were requesting, â€Å"There was structure in all things, there was organization in all things: to clean up toys myself, to lay my clothing on a little seat around evening time, to wash flawlessly, to contemplate my exercises on schedule, to treat the workers with respect†. Alexandra was viewed as a decent understudy, acing a scope of dialects. She communicated in French with her moms and sisters, English to her Nanny, Finnish with the workers at a family bequest, and she was an understudy of German. Alexandra needed to proceed with her training at college however her mom said that there was no genuine requirement for ladies to have advanced education. Political participation: At the hour of the split in the Russian Social Democrat Labor Party in 1903, into the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks, Kollontai didn't agree with either. Kollontai then previously joined the Mensheviks however then in 1915 at last joined the Bolsheviks. After the Bolshevik insurgency in 1917, Kollontai turned into the People’s Commissar for Social Welfare. Kollontai established the Zhenotdel or â€Å"Women’s Department† in 1919. This association attempted to improve the state of women’s lives in the Soviet Union, battling lack of education and instructing ladies about the new marriage laws set up by the unrest. Progressive exercises: Kollontai’s first exercises were tentative and humble, assisting a couple of hours seven days with her sister at a library that bolstered Sunday classes in fundamental proficiency for urban laborers, sneaking a couple of communist thoughts into the exercise sideways. At this library, Kollontai met Elena Stasova, a lobbyist in the growing Marxist development in St. Petersburg. Stasova started utilizing Kollontai as a dispatch, moving packages of unlawful works to obscure people. In 1898 Kollontai left to examine Economics in Zurich, Switzerland. She at that point visited England, where she met individuals from the British Labor party. She came back to Russia in 1899, at which time she met Vladimir Lenin. She turned into an individual from the Russian Social Democrat Labor Party in 1899. Kollontai went estranged abroad, to Germany in 1908 in the wake of distributing â€Å"Finland and Socialism†, which approached the Finnish individuals to ascend against mistreatment inside the Russian domain. Step by step instructions to refer to Alexandra Kollontai †Biography, Papers

Career Self-Efficacy Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Profession Self-Efficacy Theory - Research Paper Example Another piece of my pioneering vocations started as I opened a childcare place at home so I could both gain a living and furthermore be close to my kids. At the point when they at last were mature enough to go to class, I continued my IT profession however I understood that I had been out for a really long time, and I expected to sharpen my aptitudes in order to get up to speed, I worked low maintenance in PC support, until I got a real estate agents permit and began another vocation. I have so far figured out how to shuffle family, instruction and my real estate agent work and am at last at a point where I am going to finish my degree; I could either search for an occupation in the PC area again or utilize my IT abilities to build up my real estate agent vocation and conceivable strike out all alone. From my profession direction, I can look at myself through a few hypothetical perspectives that are worried about work and vocation, Donald Super’s hypothesis of living space and life expectancy is especially material since it portrays a profession direction in phases of word related inclinations and skills that change as one develops (Savickas, 1997). His hypothesis is established on the idea of professional development which can relate to one’s ordered age since individuals travel through an assortment of stages all through their expert life. The principal stage is development which included the improvement of a self-idea as one changes with their necessities and makes sense of their condition, the stage is typically from mindfulness to when one is around 14. For my situation, I had just chosen I needed to be free which is the reason I began working at age 12.â The subsequent advance is investigation somewhere in the range of 15 and 24 where one evaluates different ideas before they choose which they will make due with; this was valid for my situation as I maintained different sources of income all through secondary school and school before I cho se to seek after PC considers.

Library Leaders

Virginia Proctor Powell Florence involves a unique spot throughout the entire existence of the African American populace. She was especially a major motivation to the ladies of Africa plunge in America being the principal lady to seek after effectively a profession in the library examines. She was conceived on the primary October 1903; she went to a nearby government funded school in Wilkinsburg Pennsylvania. Her folks passed on when she was still at her youthful age. She was living with her auntie. In 1915, she cleared from secondary school and continued to join Oberlin College graduating with a bachelor’s qualification in English. She made sure about an occupation in Minnesota filling in as a secretary as the tenacious racial separation hampered, briefly, her fantasies to work in her previous secondary school (Kinder, Sean, 2008) She had a major fantasy about seeking after library science and she applied for a spot in the Camegie library school, effectively finished her confirmation concentrates in 1922. Notwithstanding, being a pioneer among blacks, she was unable to be granted a confirmation, this just occurred following various years after the fact. Her fantasy profession initiated in the New York open library for various years before her arrangement into Seward secondary school Brooklyn, as an administrator. She got hitched to Charles, her fiancã © who had significantly bolstered her in her vocation. She despite everything sought after her profession working at Cardoza High, Washington DC. She at that point moved to Maggie L. walker senior high still as a custodian. A glance at her life uncovers a solid charactered woman who had the option to drift a way that had been evaded by many, winning deference over the racial separation and no uncertainty pushing the significance of training in the network to more significant level. Indeed, even at the hour of her passing, in 1991, Virginia delegate Powell Florence, an educationist and a vocation bookkeeper was a motivation to many. Meeting this regarded woman is genuinely lowering. There are various eminent teachers that I might want to see join Virginia Proctor Powell Florence and I for tea. Among the well known dark American instructors, I might most decently want to meet Virginia silky Jones and Joseph Henry Reason. There are conspicuous figures in library initiative, on Powell Florence, I appreciate extraordinarily. So modest but so giving. They have contributed prominently to instruction (Dawson, 2000). Specialist Joseph Henry Reason and Virginia Lacy Jones CVs’ run long, with scholarly capabilities, experience and individual achievements. The two of them have such rousing profiles that can't be coordinated by numerous individuals in their age. Defeating such a large number of chances to guarantee a spot in the scholastic circles and history. Dr. Joseph H. Reason carried on with a real existence focused on expanding information, at the hour of his passing; he had been the chief of Howard college libraries for more than twenty years, with series of achievements and tasks in the college. Conceived in 1905, Joseph has numerous degrees to his name that just can dream of. He has been to New Orleans, Howard, and in the college of Pennsylvania, he took a Bachelor of Science qualification practicing on library science at that point proceeded to get his PhD from the catholic college of America (Http://Www.Allctr.Edu/Documents/October2007oo1.Pdf). He was additionally the chief of number college libraries including A&M college libraries. He helped start various college tasks and building locales. He was a trustee in the Eckerd College. He has likewise included in various taskforces and under his tutelage, saw the endorsement of Howard college library as a part in to the relationship of research libraries. (ARL). The rundown of his achievements run long, yet is obviously rousing. Meeting such an individual would be a fantasy worked out as expected considering I don’t generally meet such high bore people in scholastics (Marcus Bruce Christian, 2007). Virginia fancy Jones achievements are similarly noteworthy. She was conceived in 1912 and kicked the bucket in 1984. She got her degree on library contemplates. She was raised in West Virginia with Ohio being her origin. Her first occupation in the library was in the Louisville metropolitan school. She was later to come back to the home of her previous school, Hampton foundation library to get her degree, which she did in social investigations. She returned to Louisville to her previous work environment and helped found the Kentucky Negro Education Association in Louisville. In 1936, she was delegated to head a program that tried to start preparing to blacks for librarianship. In the midst of much restriction from whites over her compensation, as she was being paid comparative sums, she endured and was elevated in to the situation of head curator back in the metropolitan school (Reinette F. Jones, 2002). Following this advancement, her companion and coach, Florence Curtis made sure about an ace grant in library science. She got the bosses from the University of Chicago in 1938 and was to get a spot in the Atlanta University as the recording custodian. She was named an individual from the personnel. She got her PhD in 1945 and simultaneously wedded a French teacher. She was the second lady among the blacks to get such high capabilities in scholastics. Her achievements after that run long and she was named by President Lyndon B. Johnson on one of the library presidential warning boards. With such noteworthy rã ©sumã ©s who might not have any desire to meet these three recognized figures. References Reinette F. Jones, 2002. Library Service To African Americans In Kentucky. Mc Far Land. Top Rack, October 2007. The Newsletter Of The Robert W. Woodruff Library Of The Atlanta University Center. Vol 3 No 2 Retrieved On 07/03/2008 The African American Registry 2005. Florence Powell Loved Kids and Books Retrieved On 07/03/2008 from Http: www.aaregistry.Com Arna Boztemps, Marcus Bruce Christian, 2007. An order of Event In Black Librarianship Dawson, ALMA, 2000. Observing African-American Librarians and Librarianship. Recovered On 07/03/2008 from http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-68273895.html Kinder, Sean, Anticipated Spring 2008.â€Å"Virginia Proctor Powell Florence.† African American National Biography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press (W.E.B. Du Bois Institute). Â

How to Create a Unique Value Proposition

How to Create a Unique Value Proposition Entrepreneurship is often painted as a rosy and glorious endeavor. The plot is almost always the same â€" start a business, make millions in a few years and then sit back to enjoy your success, travelling the world and sipping mojitos under the Caribbean sun as the money flows into your account. In reality, things are not so rosy. The world of business is a tough one.The competition is stiff, and if you want to succeed, you have to stand out from the crowd and showcase your awesomeness to prospective clients. You have to show your uniqueness, the need that you alone can fulfill.Without this, your brand will drown in the noise of the competition and your dreams of success and mojitos will soon be nothing more than nostalgic memories. If you don’t want to go down this route, you need to start thinking about crafting a unique value proposition for your business.A value proposition is one of the most important conversion factors. It determines whether a prospective customer will buy fr om you or move on to your competitor. It is the secret sauce that makes customers pay attention to your products and services even when competitors are offering similar products and services at cheaper prices.The less know your company is, the more important your value proposition, which is why you need to nail your value proposition right from the start.Today, we have come up with a handy guide to walk you through the process of creating a unique value proposition for your business.But before we get into the process, let us first understand what exactly a value proposition is.WHAT IS VALUE PROPOSITION? In order to understand value proposition, you first need to understand why customers buy from you. Customers don’t just buy from you because you are selling a product they need. After all, you are not the only one selling the product. Customers buy from you because you fulfill their needs in a way no other company can.Either you help them save time, you eliminate an inconvenience t hat your competitors do not, you give them extra value for their money, you offer experience or resources that your competitors don’t, and so on. That unique way in which you fulfill your customer’s needs is your value proposition.Also known as a unique selling proposition, your value proposition is your unique position within the marketplace that separates you from and gives you an edge over your competitors. It explains what benefit your products and services provide, who the benefit is meant for and how uniquely well you provide the benefit.In other words, it describes your target audience, the problem you are solving for them and why you are best placed to solve the problems compared to any alternatives your target audience might have. Without a unique value proposition, your customers have no reason to buy from you instead of your competitors.You should avoid mistaking your unique selling proposition for a slogan, a tagline, or a positioning statement. This is a mistake tha t many business owners make often. While taglines, slogans and positioning statements are important accessories to your brand, they don’t wield much influence over a customer’s decision to buy.It does not matter how good your slogan is, a customer will not buy from you if you are not solving their problem in the best way possible. Your selling proposition shows the customer that you will not only solve their problem, but that you are also the best person for the job. In a nutshell, a great unique value proposition should have:Relevancy â€" explains how your products and services solve customer problems or how they improve the customer’s situation.Quantified value â€" should show the specific benefits customers will derive from your products and services.Unique differentiation â€" should show customers why they should buy from instead of your competitors.When creating your unique value proposition, you should use the language of your consumers.A common mistake that business own ers make often is to use fancy buzzwords when coming up with a unique value proposition. How many times have you seen companies claiming that they have ‘miracle products’ that provide benefits that have ‘never been seen before’, or words like ‘value added interactions’?Such phrases only hype a product or service without showing any tangible benefit for the customer and should therefore be completely avoided when creating your value proposition.Instead of such phrases, your value proposition should be clear, direct, bold, and factual. It should describe your products and the problem they are solving the same way customers describe it (how many times have you heard customers looking for a product that provides value-added interactions?).This means that you need to step outside the office and talk to your customers in order to find out what exactly their problems and needs are.WHY IS A UNIQUE VALUE PROPOSITION IMPORTANT?When getting started, many business make the mistake o f trying to do a lot of things. They try to solve different problems for different people, and they want to do it well.For instance, someone launching an online fashion retail shop might attempt to be well known for high quality shoes, best looking t-shirts, most glamorous wedding dresses and lowest prices. Someone launching a restaurant might try to be known for the best fries and the best coffee and the juiciest ribs.The problem with this approach is that when you try to become known for everything, you end up without being known for anything.Businesses with a unique selling proposition don’t try to be everything for everyone. Instead, they focus on something specific and then become known for being the best in that particular thing.This not only allows them to provide the best possible value to their niche, but it also cuts out the number of businesses they have to compete against. Going back to our two examples above, let’s assume that a bride-to-be is looking for a dress fo r her approaching wedding. Will she opt for the retailer that also sells shoes, t-shirts and jeans or one whose sole focus is wedding dresses?If you are want to eat some well-made pork ribs, will you opt for a restaurant that tries to have the best coffee, the best fries, the best burgers and the best ribs, or one whose sole focus is well-done pork ribs?In both cases, I’m assuming you’d go for the latter option, because of their unique value proposition. They are not trying to be everything for everyone. Instead, they are focused on solving a single problem in the best possible way.In addition to helping you stand out and create a strong difference between your business and your competitors, a unique value proposition also has several other benefits, which include:Helps you make a strong first impression.Helps you attract the right prospects, thereby increasing both the quality and the quantity of your leads.Helps you improve your operational efficiency.Helps you increase your r evenue.Helps you gain market share in your targeted niches.Helps increase your conversion rate since you speak directly to your targeted niche and provide solutions that are specific to their needs.Ultimately helps you to increase the lifetime value of your customers.TIPS ON HOW TO CREATE A GREAT UNIQUE VALUE PROPOSITIONComing up with a great value proposition takes a lot more than coming up with a creative slogan.You need to know your business and your customers inside out and understand how your products and services fit into the market.Below are some tips you need to keep in mind when coming up with a great value proposition for your business.Define Your Buyer PersonaThe first step of creating a great value proposition is to define who you are trying to market your products and services to.A value proposition is not meant to appeal to everyone with enough money to purchase your products and services. Instead, you want your value proposition to speak directly to a specific segment of the market, so your first step is to determine who this segment is.Which people will buy your products and services?Whose problems are you trying to solve. Don’t make the mistake I mentioned above of trying to be everything to everyone. That just doesn’t work. If you are solving a problem for brides-to-be, focus on brides to be.If you are solving problems for entrepreneurs who just started their first business, focus on them and forget about seasoned entrepreneurs who have launched a string of successful businesses.Don’t be lazy when it comes to defining your buyer persona [link to article on Buyer Personas]. You should research and find out as much as you possibly can about them. Some questions you should consider in this stage include: Who are your target customers? What is their age group? What is their gender? Where do they live? Are they married or single? Do they have kids? How much money do they earn? Where do they like spending their free time? What are their great est problems?The idea is to fully understand your target customers so that you can come up with a message that speaks specifically to them, a message that they can identify with. For instance, if you are selling wedding dresses, instead of trying to sell to everyone, you might focus on customers who want a lavish and exquisite wedding.With this in mind, you should have a clear understanding of the things that your target customers (those who want a lavish wedding gown) look for in wedding dresses, the anxieties they have about their wedding dresses, how much money they are willing to spend on a wedding dress, and so on.Research Your CompetitorsRemember, the main aim of a unique value proposition is to set yourself and your business apart from your competitors. In order to do this, you need to know who your competitors are and their way of doing things.Just like you did with your target customers, conduct a competitor research and try to find out as much as you can about them.Find an swers for questions like: Who are your competitors? What is their mission statement? How are their products and services similar to yours? How do they differ from yours? What kind of staff do they employ? What is their business model? How is it similar to or different from yours? What customer segment are they serving? How do they serve their customers? What do their customers like about them and their products or services?Researching about your competitors allows you to identify sections of the market that they are not covering well and other weaknesses in their strategy. You can then exploit their weaknesses and focus on areas they do not cover to differentiate yourself from them.It is impossible to differentiate yourself without first knowing what others in the same field are doing and then coming up with a way to do it better.Identify What is Unique and Compelling About Your Product or ServiceNext, you need to look keenly at the product and service you are offering and find out what makes it different from the other alternatives available in the market. Compare your products and services to those of your competitors. What can your products do better? What benefits or value do they provide that competitors’ products do not? Do your products help customers do their work faster? Are they easier to use? Do they use energy more efficiently? Are they cheaper?A good way identifying something unique and compelling about your product or service is to examine it through a technique known as the 3Ds technique.This technique involves checking whether your product or service meets the three Ds, which are Discontinuous innovation, Disruptive business models and Defensible technology. Below is a deeper explanation of the 3Ds technique:Discontinuous innovations â€" Does your product or service offer transformative benefits over other existing products by approaching the problem differently, instead of offering marginal improvements?Disruptive business models â€" Does yo ur product or service provide value and cost benefits that can help spur the growth of a business?Defensible technology â€" Does your product or service have intellectual property that you can protect to deny competitors entry and thereby gain competitive advantage?If your product or service checks any of the three boxes, you have found something unique about your business. If it checks all three boxes, you have something unique and compelling on which to base your value proposition.Another technique you can use to find a unique selling point is to dig deeper into the reasons that people are buying your products. Apart from the obvious reason, there is usually a deeper reason why people buy stuff. On the surface, it might appear that someone buying a milk shake at McDonald’s in the morning is doing so because they are hungry.Upon further investigation however, they might be buying the milk shake because they want something to keep them occupied during a long and boring drive to wo rk. Similarly, it might seem that someone who bought a Mercedes did so because they needed a vehicle for the commute to work. Why not buy a cheaper Toyota then?Upon further investigation, it becomes apparent that they bought the Mercedes because they want to improve their social status.With this is mind, try to find out the deeper, psychological reason why people are buying your products and then use it to come up with a value proposition for your products. For instance, if you are a career coach, it is obvious that anyone who buys your coaching class wants to improve their career.But why do they want to improve their career? Probably so that they can be paid more. But why do they care about being paid more? Probably so that they can buy their dream car or home, or go for the vacation they have always been dreaming about.So, in this case, you are not merely helping people improve their careers, you are actually helping them live out their dreams. You can use this in your value propo sition to show the actual value clients stand to gain by purchasing your products or services.Another option is to think about something about your product that goes against the grain, something that is not in line with your particular industry. For instance, let’s assume you are a martial arts coach who wants to launch a martial arts coaching class. Martial arts is typically male dominated.If you set up a martial arts coaching class specifically for women, you can use this in your unique value proposition. This will resonate with all the women who have always wished to take martial arts classes but could not because they found it intimidating to train together with men.In this case, you show that your business is unique by providing a safe place for women to train in martial arts.Dispel Myths and StereotypesAnother great way of coming up with a unique value proposition for your business is to dispel common myths and stereotypes about your industry. For instance, the auto repair i ndustry is well known for dishonesty. There is no shortage of scams and rip-offs that auto repair mechanics use to get an extra buck from car owners, especially women.In such a situation, if your business can buck the stereotype and provide honest service to car owners, you can use that promise as your unique value proposition. However, you should be ready to follow through with your promise. Don’t promise honest repairs and charges only for a customer to be charged for a repair that wasn’t actually done.With these tips, you will be able to come up with a great unique value proposition that sets your business apart from the competition and shows prospective customers why you are the best person for the job.EXAMPLES OF GREAT UNIQUE VALUE PROPOSITIONSBelow are three examples of great unique value propositions.UberUber’s value proposition is that they provide the smartest and most convenient way to get around. Their value proposition is captured in the following words:Tap your ph one. Get where you are headed.Uber differentiates itself by showing the convenience it offers over the traditional taxi industry that it came to disrupt. No calls to dispatchers, no difficult conversations trying to explain where you are or where you want to go, no worrying whether you have enough change in your pocket. Simply tap and ride.What better way to set themselves apart from traditional taxis?StarbucksStarbucks’ value proposition is also surprisingly simple. They stand for and are well known for their premium coffee beverages. Their focus is on being the best providers of premium coffee beverages. They don’t try to be anything else. They don’t try to be the best coffee house with the lowest prices and the best sandwiches or the best smoothies.While you can also get teas, pastries and other treats in a Starbucks, premium coffee is their main focus. The rest are treats that they just happen to sell, which you can buy to go along with your delicious coffee.It is this uni que value proposition that has turned Starbucks into one of the most recognizable brands in America and the third-largest fast food restaurant chain in the world by number of locations.Apple iPhoneApple also nailed the iPhone’s value proposition. Below is the iPhone’s value proposition:Every iPhone we have made â€" and we mean every single one â€" was built on the same belief. That a phone should be more than a collection of features. That, above all, a phone should be absolutely simple, beautiful, and magical to use.With these words, Apple differentiates the iPhone from all other smartphones.With hundreds of phones in the market, Apple knew that trying to market the iPhone on its set of features wouldn’t work. After all, several other smartphones boast the same features.Instead, Apple decide to set the iPhone apart by offering a unique user experience that no other smartphone manufacturer could match. This simple value proposition has helped Apple remain at the top of the sma rtphone market for almost a decade.WRAPPING UPComing up with a great unique value proposition is about setting yourself apart from your competitors.To do this, you can’t attempt to be known for everything. Instead, focus on one thing that you can do better than anyone else and that you want to be known for and use it as your unique value proposition.Coming up with a great value proposition is also about making a connection with your audience and turning them into loyal brand ambassadors.

Death as a Liberation in A Tale of Two Cities - Literature Essay Samples

Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities is his first of two historical novels. Published in 1859, the book discusses the themes of resurrection, destiny, and concealment. Dickens’ novel both demonstrates his view of society, and contains historical facts surrounding the French Revolution. Throughout the novel, two viewpoints of the theme of death are evident: a negative as well as a positive perspective of death. In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens utilizes three widely different perspectives on death: the bloodthirsty craving for slaughter expressed by the revolutionary Madame Defarge, the physiological death resulting from Doctor Manette’s imprisonment, and the noble sacrifice of Sydney Carton, in order to demonstrate his view of death as a form of not only physical and emotional punishment, but also of liberation. Dickens negatively portrays death as a horrendous act through Madame Defarge. She declares that, â€Å"For other crimes as tyrants and oppressors, I have this race a long time on my register, doomed to destruction and extermination† (Dickens 264). Madame Defarge obsesses over the destruction of the aristocrats, believing that their cruelty demands death. Furthermore, Dickens describes her sadistic tendencies: â€Å"She derived a horrible enjoyment from the deadly nature of her wrath,† further proving her vicious nature (Dickens 265). Madame Defarge not only takes pleasure in watching the condemned die, but she also knits a secret registry of the individuals whom revolutionaries wish to execute. Stout writes, â€Å"Madame Defarge’s knitted registry of the condemned points out just how thin an operative characterization might be† (Stout 37). This registry further implies the certainty of their death; since Madame Defarge writes it down, it seems inevitable, demonstrating the authority of the revolutionaries, and the inexorable justice which they demand. Through Madame Defarge, Dickens portrays death pes simistically as an obligatory physical punishment.Dickens not only portrays death as a physical punishment through the character of Doctor Manette, but he also expresses his view of death as an emotional imprisonment. Doctor Manette’s eighteen year confinement constitutes a negative parallel to physical death. Dickens states, â€Å"The faintness of the voice was pitiable and dreadful. It was not the faintness of physical weakness, though confinement and hard fare no doubt has their part in it† (Dickens 29). Doctor Manette’s incarceration leaves him physically weak, as well as emotionally damaged. Though Dickens does not describe precisely how he suffered, his many relapses into the trembling sessions of his old self remain evidence of the depth of his misery. As Doctor Manette progresses from an emotionally troubled man to a free man in society, he underwent multiple relapses. During one of his reversions, Doctor Manette returns to his bench where he undergoes l ife as a shoemaker during his imprisonment. Dickens describes Doctor Manette’s compulsions: â€Å"He worked, and worked, and worked, in silence, and words fell on him as they would have fallen on an echoless wall†¦he sometimes furtively looked up†¦in that, there seemed as though he were trying to reconcile some doubts in his mind† (Dickens 150). Because he spent so many years isolated making shoes, when an event triggers Doctor Manette’s old self and he goes back to his old ways and shuts everyone else out. He says, â€Å"my old pain has given me a power that has brought us through the barrier, and gained us news of Charles there, and brought us here (Dickens 202). Doctor Manette’s life transforms from that of an incarcerated lunatic feverishly making shoes, to a man of strength and merit with freedom in society. His imprisonment no doubt affects him emotionally; however, he overcomes those damages and becomes a strong support to his daughter Lucie, during her husband Charles Darnay’s imprisonment. In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens disapprovingly portrays emotional death through the character of Doctor Manette because of his imprisonment. Dickens positively depicts Sydney Carton’s sacrificial death as a form of liberation. Carton initially appears as an alcoholic attorney who does not have a care in his own life, and who is apathetic toward every aspect of life. He comments on his own â€Å"misdirected life† saying that it is an absolute waste of existence, for he cares for nothing and no one, because â€Å"[he is] not worth such feeling† (Dickens 116, 117). However, in order to find a purpose, he sacrifices himself for another man, Charles Darnay. Carton’s transformation into a man of worth occurs not only because he sacrifices his body for Darnay’s, but also because he sacrifices his old flawed self. He no longer remains an alcoholic, but rather he becomes a man of worth. Afte r this transformation, Carton wants to sacrifice himself for Darnay. Carton states that, â€Å"No life can possibly be saved, and many lives must inevitably be sacrificed† (Dickens 268). He understands that someone must die, either Darnay or himself. Carton uses this opportunity not only to ensure Lucie and Darnay’s happiness, but also to transform his identity, and to become a man of moral importance. In this decision, Carton uses death in a positive manner in order to liberate himself from his past ways, and become a man who possesses the desires to keep Darnay alive by sacrificing himself. Dickens portrays death negatively not only as a form of physical and emotional imprisonment, but also positively as a form of liberation. To Madame Defarge and the ferocious revolutionaries, they feel death through physical sentences. Doctor Manette and countless other prisoners feel death through emotional imprisonment. And lastly, for Sydney Carton, death provide s liberation. Through these examples of death in A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens’ opinion regarding death becomes evident in that he views death in a negative manner with physical and emotional death, as well as in a positive light as a form of liberation. He believes that the slaughter that captivated the revolutionaries was atrocious and unnecessary, but he conversely portrays death as a means of freedom and hope.