Narrative Feeling Essay

1. Identify three quotes from the dialogue that show how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions. The first quote from the dialogue shows how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions is â€Å"After a year of applying, interviewing, jumping through all the hoops, I finally realized nothing I did mattered. I just couldn’t take another rejection. The bottom line is, no one wants me.† The second quote that shows how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions is â€Å"I don’t know. I think they might leave me. We’ve run through our savings. We’re behind on the mortgage. I’m going to lose everything. I feel bad, but I can’t do anything about it.† The third quote that shows how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions is â€Å"Really? What did you do? I mean, I know you moved away.† See more: how to start a narrative essay 2. Identify and explain, using concepts from the text, at least one example of an obstacle to communicating emotions in the situation.  One example of an obstacle to communicating emotions in the situation is self-protection. Bryce stated that he hasn’t want to talk to anyone in a while which can be an indication that he may not want to express his feelings, in fear of others having information that could affect how they perceive or act towards him. (Wood, 178) 3. Identify and explain at least two examples of irrational beliefs that Bryce holds. Two examples of irrational beliefs that Bryce holds from the dialogue would be when he states â€Å"The bottom line is, no one wants me.† And â€Å"I feel bad, but I can’t do anything about it.† I feel that these beliefs are irrational because they are not true, though Bryce believes they are. He feels that no one wants him, but the case may be that someone else may have been a better fit for the position instead of him. This does not mean that he was not just as qualified as the next applicant. Bryce stated that he stopped looking for jobs about 6 months ago, but if he would have remained dedicated, he may have run into a job by then. He stated that he can’t do anything about this but truthfully, he could have still continued to search for jobs instead of sitting back and doing nothing. 4. Explain, using concepts from the text, how Bryce could use surface acting and deep acting to better align his emotions and behavior with the needs of his job search. Even though Bryce feels that finding employment is hopeless, his body language and facial  expressions will definitely show that. Bryce needs to learn how to effectively control his outward appearance because it will benefit his job search. A positive attitude always helps gain desired results. Showing an outward appearance of drive and determination to gain employment will be more beneficial than his defeated attitude. Bryce could also align his emotions and behavior with the needs of his job search by controlling his feelings of hopelessness and defeat. He should learn that by possessing these feelings, he is already lessening his chances to produce the desired results that he is looking for. 5. Based on the textbook’s guidelines for communicating emotions effectively (p.182– 187), identify and explain at least three ethical strategies Bryce could use to improve his interpersonal communication in this situation. One strategy that Bryce could use to improve his interpersonal communication in this situation is identifying his emotions. The text states that â€Å"recognizing the existence of both feelings allows you to tune in to yourself and to communicate accurately to others what you are experiencing.† (Wood, 182) Bryce needs to separate his feelings of hopelessness and the fact that he feels that no one wants him. Another strategy that he can use is choosing whether or how to express emotions. Bryce seems to be very erratic when it comes to his feelings toward finding a job. Once he can actually determine where his frustration lies and not let it consume and discourage him, he can then decide to or not to communicate his emotions in order to keep them private. Lastly, he can also use the strategy of monitoring self-talk. This would be very helpful to Bryce because he can talk himself into having a more positive outlook regarding his job search, He won’t feel so low when he is turned down for a job opportunity because he will have coached himself to keep searching and continue his drive. Wood, J. (2012). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Boston, MA: Wadsworth.

Research Essay: Obesity & Nutrition Essay

Eating is one of my hobbies. I used to discovered lots of places with special food anytime I was free. I remembered my favorite food is fried chicken and cheese sticks. Eating these food day by day made me overweight, and the doctor said I had a heart problem. He said I was lucky because some other people were diagnosed obesity. It took a lot of effort for the obesity people to get back to the normal weight. America, where fast food is everywhere with a very affordable price, was one of the most country having a highest rate of the obesity. Although there are some main reasons that lead to serious consequences, obesity is not a very bad thing and can be prevent by ourselves. The first topic will focus on the physical reasons that lead people to obesity. Environment is one of the most important reason that affects, encourages obesity. For example, the tight work schedules leave people no free time to exercise; the lack of neighborhood side walks or safe places to exercise; the lack of access to healthy foods makes people gain unnecessary fat. Beside, junk food is a major reason, also. The characteristic of junk food is lots of fat contain, and difficult to digest, which resulted in gaining weight to whom eating it. The last main physical reason is the lack of energy balance. According to the â€Å"What causes overweight and obesity?† article, to maintain a healthy weight, your energy in and out have to balance exactly overtime. Overweight and obesity happened over time when you took in more calories than you used. The second topic shows how some mental issues can lead to obesity as well. Some people tend to eat more when they have depression or stress. There are some certain hormones, that the body released, can increase the tendency to store fat, gain weight when you’re in stress. Alcoholism is not only an addiction but also a reason that leads to obesity. Any kind of alcohol beverage adds fat more to the body. People who drink on a regular basic will have potbelly, and have a high potential to obesity and heart diseases. The last but no least reason is genes and health problems. In fact, the amount  of fat stored, and where the fat carried in the body are affected by genes. According to â€Å"What causes overweight and obesity?† article, your chances of being overweight were greater if one or both of your parents were overweight or obese. Children adopt the habits of their parents. In addition, there are some diseases from hormone problems that cause obesity, for example, hypothyroidism, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone. Therefore, it will slow down the metabolism and makes the body gain weight quicker. A study in the â€Å"Hypothyroidism and obesity. Cause or effect?† article had shown that overall thyroid dysfunction was found more in obese individuals with varying degree of significance. About five to ten percent of women of childbearing age were affected by PCOS to gain a high level of androgens hormones, which make people obese. Obesity can lead to a major consequence in people’s health. Obesity can make a stress on our heart, lungs, and bones. Furthermore, the article â€Å"Health effects of obesity† had pointed out a lot more health diseases that caused by obesity such as high blood pressure, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, joint problems, sleep apnea, cancer, psychosocial effects, and so on. Michael Fumento said in an interview of the â€Å"Obesity† article that few fat people really knew how much harm they were inflicting upon themselves, pointing to the mountain of scientific evidence linking obesity with various diseases and conditions such as infertility. The risk of death rises with increasing weight. A study showed that each year, obesity related conditions caused an estimated 300,000 premature deaths in the US. People had diabetes are obese at a rate of over 80 percent. The second consequence is that obesity creates the weight discrimination and economic downturn. Society considers that fat people have to take the responsibility for their condition, their body. Therefore, many obese people were treated rudely, courtesy than thinner people. Some are making fun with the body of obese people by calling them â€Å"fatty†, or â€Å"a rolling bread.† The â€Å"Obesity† article had quoted a sentence from Sally Smith, who said fat people were taught to feel guilty and blamed themselves for the failures of weight loss programs, and to expect and accept rejection, mistreatment and discrimination regarding their weight. Obesity takes part in the economic downturn, especially on the U.S health care system. In 2008, the costs of medical care for the obesity in America were about 147 billion. Medical costs are associated with obesity directly and indirectly. The costs come from preventive, diagnosis, treatment services, and also the morbidity and mortality cost. As a comparison, the lifetime costs of obesity provided by the government are greater than the lifetime costs assessed by the smokers. Obesity can be reduced and prevent by ourselves through better diet. The best way to lose weight is to reduce the caloric intake. By counting calories, eating good meals, exercising more often, you can control your weight. Vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and fruit are not only contain less calories but also improve one’s health condition. Fiber was studied that it could prevent hunger pangs and keep you full longer. There is a collection of choice such as, brown rice, wheat bread, broccoli, spinach, etc. Dividing your food into five small meals during a day can keep you up with your metabolism and reduce the amount of sugar in your blood. Drinking water is not less important. Ten glasses of water can help you flush out the toxins. Drinking a glass of waer before eating can reduce the hunger. In addition, there are many activities held to courage the obese to have to better life style as well as some policies from government with the same goal. There are many weight loss camps achieved for adults and childrens. They can not only learn how to lose weight but also have fun, learn new skill, and gain confidence. These camps empower people to fight against the weight discrimination, support them to stand up and live their own way without feeling depression. Soda taxes is a topic which was disscussing these day. If the law was passed, placing a high tax on soda would discourage Americans from consuming unhealthy beverages, which is a crucial first step toward making the U.S. healthier as a whole, quoted from â€Å"Soda taxes† article. Beside, limiting advertises by news or revised rules during television programs may help reducing the childhood obesity epidemic. In conclusion, obesity is not a problem that can be solved in a short time.  The reasons that cause obesity come from many perspectives, genes, health problem, environment, daily diet, and so on. The effect of the obesity is now increasing more than the past that gains many problems for people’s health as well as the country’s economic. People bring themselves to obesity; and only them can get themselves out of it. With the help from many resources, they can acknowledge themselves to prepare a better meal. The community and government also help the obese people by organizing a lot of weight loss camping, and establish new law to prevent the incresing of obesity. There’s nothing that can stop you being a better person. All you need is resolve, commitment that you want to get rid of fat, and you can do it. WORKS CITED: â€Å"Health Effects Of Obesity.† Stanford: Hospital & Clinics. Stanford hospital & clinics, 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2013. Med, Saudi J. â€Å"Hypothyroidism And Obesity. Cause Or Effect?† NCBI. National center of biotechnology information, 29 Aug 2008. Web. 08 Dec 2013. â€Å"Obesity.† Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 9 May 2003. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. â€Å"Soda Taxes.† Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 18 Dec. 2009. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. â€Å"What Causes Overweight And Obesity.† NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NHIBL, 12 July 2012. Web. 08 Dec 2013.

A Biography Of The John Marshall, 4th Chief Justice Of The United States

A Biography Of The John Marshall, 4th Chief Justice Of The United States John Marshall: Life and Legacy Before John Marshall, the most basic responsibilities of the judicial system did not exist. In fact, justices could not even overturn blatantly unconstitutional laws. With Marshall, however, everything changed. Through his tenure as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall established the ground rules for the new American government by strengthening the judicial branch and bringing forth the equal three branches of government essential to American politics. Great men often rose from the humblest of beginnings, and John Marshall was no exception. He was born in a log cabin in Germantown, Virginia, on September 24, 1755, the first of fifteen children born to Thomas Marshall and Mary Keith. He was not the only member of his family to rise to greatness; his brother James served as judge for the Circuit Court of Washington, D.C., his brothers Keith, William, and Charles were lawyers, and his cousin Humphrey became a U.S. senator for Kentucky. As a child, Marshall’s education was formative to his future. He was homeschooled by his father for most of his childhood, cultivating a love of classical and contemporary literature that would aid him in his future endeavors. At the age of fourteen, he was sent to Campbell Academy in Washington, where he attended class with future president James Monroe. From 1775 to 1780, Marshall served in the Continental Army, initially as a lieutenant and eventually as a captain; his admiration of his comman der George Washington grew, especially after they endured the harsh winter at Valley Forge together. After the war he studied law at the College of William and Mary and was admitted to the bar in 1780. He began a legal practice by defending clients against British creditors, which prepared him for the long legal and political career he had in front of him. Marshall’s political career was long indeed, and was crucial in forming the newly independent America. It began in 1782 when he won a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, a position he would return to in later years. He began to prepare himself for his future as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1785 when he became a city recorder, where one of his duties was to preside over small court cases. Marshall made a name for himself as a fair, intelligent man who ruled based on the common good (Life and Legacy). A few years later, his reputation earned him a role in Virginia’s convention to ratify the United States Constitution; he then used his popularity to encourage others to ratify the Constitution and won by a narrow margin (Britannica). Shortly after this, he turned down several positions such as U.S. Attorney General and minister to France in favor of continuing his private law practice, which was flourishing at the time. In 1798, however, he accepted the re quest of President John Adams to participate as an envoy in the diplomatic mission that later became known as the XYZ affair. Along with Elbridge Gerry and Charles Pinckney, Marshall was sent to France in an attempt to restore harmony between the United States and France, specifically to stop French attacks on American ships. The three men were to meet with the Foreign Minister, the Marquis de Talleyrand, but instead were greeted by several mediators known anonymously as X, Y, and Z. The French agreed to stop the attacks in exchange for an agreement to pay American merchant claims against the French and give a large amount of money to the Marquis. This resulted in a Cold War-like conflict between France and America and culminated in the formal severance of any official alliances with the United States (history.state.gov). During this time, Marshall had been elected Secretary of State and conducted the negotiations that led to America’s continuing isolationism. He served as Se cretary of State for about a year and was then appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, after the first Chief Justice John Jay declined reappointment. Marshall was sworn in on February 4th, 1801, which marked the end of his political career and opened his long and successful legal career. Marshall served as Chief Justice for thirty-four years, the longest tenure of any chief justice, and in this time established the ground rules of American government (Smith). He ruled on over 1000 decisions, writing the opinions for over half of them. This was a major change in Supreme Court workings; prior to Marshall it was common for each justice to write his own opinion for each case, but Marshall’s court only published one opinion. This practice led to an impression of authority from the Supreme Court, as multiple opinions concerning a new and unexplored body of law created a lack of certainty and trust in both the lawmakers and the law itself (Britannica). Marshall’s court was also known for its unanimity and stability; with only the occasional dissenter, the court was able to rule far more effectively and authoritatively than it had with the previous Chief Justices. Because of the capable manner in which Marshall ran the Supreme Court, he was able to rule on coun tless decisions that shaped the very structure of the American government. Marshall’s most famous ruling, and arguably the most important ruling in Supreme Court history, was with Marbury v. Madison in 1803. The circumstances surrounding this case were complicated (PBS). In the controversial election of 1800, Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated Federalist John Adams, causing a few months of political panic for the largely-Federalist Congress before Jefferson’s inauguration. With the help of the Judiciary Act, Adams created several positions for judges and appointed a large number of justices of the peace and circuit judges in his last days and hours of the Presidency; in fact, this was when Marshall received his appointment to Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Adams did this with the intention of ensuring that the Federalists would remain in power even with a Democratic-Republican president, since judicial positions were typically filled for life. These commissions were not delivered on time, however, and when President Jefferson took office on March 5, 1801, he ordered that James Madison, his secretary of state, could not deliver the remaining commissions, thus invalidating them. William Marbury was one of the appointees whose commission was not delivered and he requested a writ of mandamus from the Supreme Court forcing Madison to deliver the commissions. Marshall’s court considered several questions when determining its ruling: â€Å"Does Marbury have a right to the commission? Does the law grant Marbury a remedy? Does the Supreme Court have the authority to review acts of Congress and determine whether they are unconstitutional and therefore void (lawnix.com)?† were among the most important. It was decided that while Marbury had a right to the commission and the law granted him a remedy, the court could not write a mandamus for him because the Judiciary Act of 1789 which granted that right was directly contradicted by the Constitution. By ruling this way, Marshall’s court establishe d that the purpose of the Supreme Court was judicial review; that is, the Supreme Court could nullify laws passed by Congress if they were found to be unconstitutional. This important ruling gave the Supreme Court a clear purpose and place in the American government. Marbury v. Madison made clear that the Supreme Court would greatly influence the laws in America, and Marshall kept true to this promise (PBS). In 1816, Congress created the Second Bank of the United States, the success of which caused state banks to resent it when they began to fail in the depression of 1818. Maryland targeted the Bank by imposing taxes on any non-state bank and sued James McCulloch, cashier for the Bank’s Baltimore branch, when they refused to pay this tax. The Supreme Court ruled in this case that Congress was constitutionally allowed to create the Bank and that Maryland lacked the power to tax it. More importantly, it ruled that Congress had implied powers, meaning if the desired end result is constitutional, Congress was allowed to implement any means to achieve that goal, as long as it was not explicitly prohibited in the Constitution. This ruling on McCulloch v. Maryland, combined with Marbury v. Madison, set the stage for the Supreme Court to make many important decisions over the next two centuries. Marshall’s rulings, particularly Marbury v. Madison, have left an important legacy that has been utilized by Supreme Court even until the present day. After Marshall’s court, the next time the Supreme Court declared a federal law unconstitutional was with Dred Scott v. Sandford in 1857. The issue to be ruled on in this case was whether Dred Scott, a slave, was still considered a slave after spending time in a free state (PBS). Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that Scott remained a slave, citing Marbury v. Madison by declaring the Missouri Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional. A more modern example of utilizing judicial review would be Obergefell v. Hodges, the case in which same-sex marriage was legalized nationally in June 2015. The Supreme Court redefined â€Å"marriage† to be extended to same-sex couples. While the argument can be made that these rulings were immoral or simply wrong, the Supreme Court upheld its responsibility for judicial review, instituted by Marshall. Practically since its inception, Marbury v. Madison has been used to overturn unconstitutional laws. John Marshall’s court changed the American government. Marbury v. Madison chiefly provided a purpose for the Supreme Court; the inception of judicial review permitted the court to overturn any unconstitutional acts of Congress and paved the way for a society grounded in the laws on which it was founded. This brought the judicial branch up to the same level as the executive and legislative branches, creating the three-branch system for which the United States was known. His other rulings, such as McCulloch v. Maryland, created other powers for the government, such as implied powers for Congress. Overall, Marshall’s rulings allowed for a fairer America no longer subject to the whims of the elected officials, but rather one that followed the laws upon which it was founded in 1776.

Decision Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Analysis - Essay Example In the United Kingdom it is sometimes awarded for an undergraduate student whose final year consists of higher-level courses and a major research project. This means that the college graduate will be a student for another 2-3 years with higher demands of learning and concentration. Thus, he shall be a step behind all his other supposed colleagues. There is an edge that he could play and it is that he is able to deduce a lot more information on the field but in terms of application, these could be very minimal as well. Statistics show that because of the global economic crisis, more and more students are putting off a College education. In the United States, at least 56% of the High School graduates prefer to seek for white-collared jobs to be able to pay off their living expenses rather than go to school and apply for a financial loan. They choose to begin their careers and working experiences so they could get a head start in their lives in terms of financial stability. If this much of the students do not make it to College, then it is but fair to conclude that employers do limit their requirements on the job description and settle for an Associate's degree when speaking of managerial positions. But as one progresses in his career, he shall realize even more the competition that he is facing and how much he has to strive to be someone companies are actually looking for. As for the second alternative, this fresh college graduate immediately decides not to go for any Master's Degree and just merely concentrate on his work experience and technically this will be his competitive tool. This would be a stronger tool if the graduate is able to maintain a good and reputable track record in his first company that shall enable him to rise above the ranks for either expand his horizons within or outside the company. He could also make sure that before he puts off the idea of getting a Master's degree, he has already focused on specific companies that he will be applying for and clearly know whether they put weight on Master's Degrees. The third alternative could be the most plausible idealism in this decision, however it could be the most time-consuming and most difficult one as well. Time management is off great essence in this particular alternative and sometimes there are companies who are very sensitive to this idea. There are job descriptions who require more than office hours to deliver expected results. Sales positions for instance do not have a working timeframe but they are on-call all week and sometimes all-night. Schedules are eratic for some most especially if you work for the boss directly since it is mandatory that you go by the schedule of your superiors. However, it is like hitting two birds with one stone but most likely there would come a time when he is to make his priorities straight and there would be instances when he will need to do one thing before the other or sometimes, he shall do his work over his school demands. This goes by saying that it is a human reaction to give priority to his work rather than his studies where he does not get immediate results. Unlike a job where one is required to deliver results in a month's time to be able to get his salary, most especially true for those on commission basis. Being able to deliver his utmost best in any of the departments will be most unlikely possible, therefore he will not be able to maximize his

Storm Drainage Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Storm Drainage Design Project - Essay Example ertical axis using different scales, but their horizontal coordinates are the same based on hourly readings from the midnight of October 12 to 11:00 in the evening of October 15, 1998. Rainfall data was plotted using millimetres (mm) and the given observations were used as is. On the other hand, river data, which is usually plotted as a discharge in a unit of volume against time (cubic meters per second or liters per second) is drawn as a function of the given river width (B) and the velocity (V) of flow of the river (since discharge is a product of area and water flow velocity in this case) per hour of observation. The highest point (peak) of the blue line graph is 0.658 meter-BV per hour. The scale used was 1 x 10-1 m, such that 0.658 is represented as 6.58 x 10-1 m. This should explain why the highest number in the vertical axis is 7. It may be gleaned from Figure 3 that although observations were plotted every hour, the time markers were presented every three hours due to space limitations.). However, the data were analyzed using the original values and units of the river level per hour of observation. Prior to the rainfall in 4:00 on October 13, the average reading of the river height from the start of given observations for 28 consecutive hourly readings is 0.262 mm. This will be the basis of the base flow. After seven hours of rainfall, the first peak was observed at 11:00 of October 13 with a height of 1.2 mm. This marks the initiation of the rising limb of the river flood where the height of the river also started to rise compared to base flow. The rainfall data had twin peaks, with the second peak occurring at 21:00 of October or 10 hours after the first rainfall peak was observed. At 9:00 of October 14, 12 hours after the second peak of the rainfall, the peak flow of the river was recorded at 0.658 m. The amount of time for the peak flow to return back to base flow or base flow time is 46 hours. Several factors which influence the characteristics of

Using The Body Shop as the company, examine the factors behind any Essay

Using The Body Shop as the company, examine the factors behind any changes that have taken place in the structure or geographical location of its Value Chain in - Essay Example Its stock appeared on London’s Unlisted Securities Market in April 1984, opening at 95 pence. The Body Shop was fully listed on London Stock Exchange in January 1986 and at that time, the company’s stock was selling at 820 pence. The market value of the company had reached at  £350 million ($591 million) by 1991. The journey was not smooth; ups and downs came when Littlehampton manufacturing plants were sold. In the year 2000, manufacturing was outsourced. Even then, the Body Shop commanded the same market value in the year 2004 ( £334 million as of September 2004). The Body Shop’s value chain has expanded vertically and horizontally, transgressing its physical boundaries from the UK and the Republic of Ireland into America, Europe, Middle East, Asia Pacific and Africa. A business system in itself is the value chain of a firm. From business perspective, value is the amount customers are ready to pay for the goods of the firm. A firm’s produce is measured by its total revenue – means the number of units sold times the price. A firm remains in profit only until the total value is above the costs borne by all of the firm’s value activities. Michael Porter uses the term ‘value chain’ for this business system. In an industry, value chain of a company depends on its history, strategy and ways of applying that strategy. The set of activities required to collect inputs, design, manufacture, market, deliver and support the goods and services, creates a generic business value chain. A generic value chain is complete in all value activities with added margin, which comes after subtracting the cost of all activities from the total value. The supplier and channel value chains also carry margins, which are included in the total price paid by the ultimate end-user. (Reimann, The Planning Forum 1989) Michael Porter developed the value chain approach in his

Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exercise - Essay Example Marketing department-headed by a marketing manager, this department will handle the process of moving the produced goods from the firm to the customers. The department will have six employees, divided into two groups, each headed by a supervisor. Finance department -handling all the financial operations in the organization, this department will have three employees, headed by the head of finance. He will handle the duties of a supervisor. Human resource department- handling all the duties of hiring, placement, and promotional recommendations as well as addressing all employees’ needs, this department will have two employees, headed by a personnel officer. The recruitment process Skills are an important element for the success and growth of our subsidiary. In the highly competitive business environment, offering our clients with the best quality products is paramount for Intel. Despite the Chinese market providing cheap labor, we will settle for the most qualified individuals i n the market. While identifying the most qualified individuals to hire, the plant will go through a recruitment process. However, internal recruitment sources will provide the required expertise on the Intel operations in the new subsidiary. Starting a new subsidiary requires logistical information. Every organization, despite operating in the same industry, has unique operational culture and processes from other firms. This necessitates shipping of part of our most qualified personnel from our main branch to the Chinese subsidiary. Among the most competitive departmental managers, production managers and supervisors, five will receive promotion to head the Chinese plant. Through performance evaluation and the records of accomplishment of the identified candidates, the highest scoring individual will take over as the branch manager of the Chinese firm. Specifically, they will ensure that quality and accountability culture in serving our customers remain a priority. External sourcing will however involve consultancy firms and recruitment bureaus. By extensively using referrals, we hope to have the most qualified individuals in the Chinese market. Purposively, part of the recruited staff will come from Chinese firms in the same industry like Intel. Training After external sourcing of labor, the team will undertake training of the staff to provide them with the best skills and knowledge to work for Intel. Subsequently, they will place them in their most qualified departments by matching their skills and expertise with the organizational departments. Training involves instilling the required skills and knowledge to a taskforce in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives (Welsch 2005, p. 35). Achieving our mission will involve the use of intensive and extensive training of the recruited staff. Extensively, training will cover on the various elements of production, as well as Intel culture. Intensively however, we will focus on training newly hired emplo yees on the aspects of their jobs according to departments. This will ensure high levels of productivity from our staff. Providing them with intensive training ensures minimal errors in our work, saving the organization reproduction costs and time. Additionally, we will ensure to provide them with induction training in order to orient them with our organizational mission, objectives and culture.

Values, Principles and social work Ethics Term Paper

Values, Principles and social work Ethics - Term Paper Example She is also very sensitive being that she was repeatedly assaulted by not just those in the prison system, whether it being the guards or the other prisoners, but also taken advantage of by the gentleman whose task it was to leave Iran and get to Canada. With this, along with her later living in a male dorm being classified as male but still wearing makeup, an assumption to be made here would be that from the traumatic experiences of Ms. P. throughout the course of her earlier life, she has been so victimized to the extent that she wishes to hide her sexuality to the outside world as a means of protecting herself from further hurt and anguish. A safety mechanism of sorts. Faced with the declaration that she may be gay, Ms. P. sought refuge with an Aunt who appears to have not only let Ms. P. wear her clothes, but also use her makeup, which also would be relevant towards the larger choice of having makeup application be her education goal. The notion of her maintaining a happy memory from her past, this being the kindness of her Aunt and wishing to take that experience and use it for her future. Response: First and foremost, the story of Ms. P. brings about a strong sense of sadness and heartbreak for the situations that she was forced to face throughout her life. Complete bewilderment as to how someone could go through as much as Ms. P. would have, but still find the means of grasping that one happy moment in time, in her case what surely had to have been the time with her Aunt and taking that by having her studies be centered upon the makeup in television and videos. A reaction of anger towards those who would have sought to inflict such harm and danger upon such a young person. Anger at such a travesty being inflicted upon someone who had little, if not none at all, recourse for sticking up for herself. The idea that only her Aunt would provide the safe

Use of Nature in The Immortalist and The Cherry Orchard Essay

Use of Nature in The Immortalist and The Cherry Orchard - Essay Example Tongues learnt to move after looking at those pre designed and meaningful metaphors (Oliver 1987). Nordquist and Whales (1998) expressed the importance of metaphors and similes in text writing and explained how they enrich the material and quality of text written. According to his point of view, the similes are used to express emotions and signs. The presence of similes makes reading material more clear and entertaining for the reader. And inculcating of new similes also shows that you have a greater command and insight of your subject. In the same way, metaphors are images and shapes of objects and contents of nature. A reader can find the meaning or the imagination of scenarios the writer had, in mind, while writing by looking at those shapes and images drawn. The Immoralist by Andre Paul Guide: By reading the novel Immoralist, the author’s passion towards nature can be recognized. The written material reflects not just the outer natural beauty of the world but also the inne r nature of human beings, their feelings, their desires to have what they want around and for them. The author represented these in the accounts of how Michel used nature to bear with his inner feelings and how he achieved peace. For instance, Guide included some symbols and figures into his texts that gave answers and solution to Michel’s dilemma, and to many other readers out there facing similar problem and feelings. The author gave a marvelous concept in his novel that if a person is lost in the valley of meaninglessness, if his life is gone for the fake uncontrollable desires, he can get his life back by the fruitful control of nature and by pursuing the beauty of nature in and around him. The metaphors that demonstrate this concept and reality can be seen and enjoyed in the part where Michel describe the irrigation system in Biskra and in the taming of the wild colt at â€Å"La Morinier†. The figure of the goat boy depicts the irrigation system. Now, this image i s a symbol of nature and refers to natural beauty of land and a natural process going on for a purpose. The inherent laws of nature do contain the excess of life going forces which may lead to destruction, depriving other trees of their existence as well. The incident written in part 2, in wild colt, illustrates the same truth with its related simile drawn. Where, the beautiful animal was declared useless and dangerous by servants and Michel asks another character named Charles to help him treat gently and quite by showing some respect for that animal. The image drawn at that situation was meant to be used in contrasting situations where absence of restraining and uncontrollable nature leads to corruption and destruction. In the case of metaphor of irrigation system in Biskra, described above, was a human effort that could assist in making the nature more productive. The palm tree images in part 1 related to Michel’s wife Marceline were depicting the concept that she was weak when she got ill after she came back from their honeymoon. She needed energy to live. She could not tolerate the excess of energy around her but also was in need of a moderate level of energy in her atmosphere. This is how the author Mr. Guide put life in his novels through metaphors and symbols and made his material famous among his readers. The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov: The symbol of Cherry Orchard itself depicts the unstable political – socio environment and drastically changing traditions. Negative conditions usually

Consider, with detailed attention to evidence, themes, thinkers and Essay

Consider, with detailed attention to evidence, themes, thinkers and theories encountered throughout this module, connections bet - Essay Example Considering key aspects of the modern to be scientific objectivity, technological development advancing from agricultural communities to complex economies, centralization, industrialization, mass-production, and so forth, democratisation is both conceptually and historically aligned with all of these aspects of modernism. This is important, for the democratisation movement can be dated to the late 18th century with the American and French Revolutions implementing the Enlightenment ideals of philosophers such as John Locke, Adam Smith, Rousseau, and others who built on the cultural heritage of the Renaissance period in Europe. Just as the Renaissance era symbolized a rebirth of the Classical aspects of Greek and Roman culture, particularly philosophy, poetry, art, and mythology after a millennium of â€Å"Dark Ages† in Europe, so too Modernism took the best of these developments and made them the foundation for modern secular democratic culture. Yet, historians note an interest ing anomaly when it comes to the discussion of democracy historically and its roots in ancient Greek philosophy as politics. As F.A. Hayek writes in "The Constitution of Liberty," - Chapter 11: "The Rule of Law," "Individual liberty in modern times can hardly be traced back farther than the England of the seventeenth century... And for over two hundred years the preservation and perfection of individual liberty became the guiding ideal in that country, and its institutions and traditions became the model for the civilized world." (Hayek, 1960) Hayek makes an important distinction between Greek democracy as idealized by the Enlightenment philosophers and how it evolved conceptually as a practice of government and means of organizing society. He states, ironically, Greek democracy disappeared from the time of its idealized roots in Athens to the time of the American and French revolutions – that it was not used, referenced, or put into practice at all as a basis of government u ntil the fundamental revolutionary change that ushered in the modern era. Thus, it is valid to view democratisation and modernism as both arising out of the ideals of the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. On this basis, the capitalists will additionally claim that the free market system is essential and interrelated with this process of democratisation, and that the democracy/free-market system represents a natural stage of development for societies that are evolving out of feudal structures to become modern States. Hayek positions England rather than America or France as the source of â€Å"individual liberty in modern times,† relating it to the struggle to institute democratic government in opposition to monarchy and royalty. However, it is extremely important critically that Hayek separates the processes and ideology of â€Å"liberalism† from that of democratisation. In simplest terms, liberalism is the ideology of freedom or liberty that seeks the most m inimal restraint on self-determination and autonomy of the individual, including the mental, spiritual, and physical aspects of self-development and self-realization. This is differentiated from the â€Å"democratic,† which relates more formally to the system of government. This duality is evident in

The Inheritors by William Golding Essay Example for Free

The Inheritors by William Golding Essay Abstract This analytical essay presents an in-depth analysis of the book The Inheritors, which was written by William Golding. The bibliography appends one source in APA format. Outline Introduction Primary ideas of the reading Reflection of the time in which the reading was produced Personal response to the reading Conclusion Introduction â€Å"Golding favored this work above all his others. Many have agreed that his account of the final defeat of the last Neanderthal individuals at the hands of the emergent human race is powerfully and above all consistently imagined. The triumphs and disasters of the future are tragically implicit in this evocation of the conquest of an earlier, gentler group by those who are for good and ill our ancestors†. Anonymous   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Golding was one of the most significant novelists of the 1950s and the 1960s. Golding was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in the year 1983 and he also won the Booker Prize in the year 1980. â€Å"The Inheritors† is a well-known book written by William Golding, who is the author of the famous novel Lord of the Flies. Written in the year 1955, the book is based on Neanderthals and Homo sapiens and basically shows the inherent violent nature of the Homo sapiens. The novel is about the last of the Neanderthals and how the Homo sapiens gained success over them by the use of brutality and pretense with their natural superiority. The Neanderthals have been shown as very simple people, whose most prominent characteristic is that they think in images. In their world, understanding someone meant being able to see their picture. Also, in their highly amusing world, fire and water have the ability to be awake or fall asleep and even a log decides where and how to place itself in the water. As the author says, â€Å"He had thought that he must make sure the log was still in position because if the water had taken the log or if the log had crawled of on business of its own then the people would have to trek a day’s journey round the swamp and that meant danger or even more discomfort than usual† (Golding, p.12).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The books written by William Golding are all based on the depravity of the human mind and nature. The Inheritors is one of those books. In the novel the author has brilliantly through his imagination recreated the world of the Neanderthals and of the successors of the Neanderthals, that is, the first of the human species. As mentioned above The Inheritors was the personal favorite of William Golding out of all his books and novels, and is related to the disappearance of the last of the Neanderthals by the hands of the much more refined and newly advanced species known as the Homo sapiens. Primary Ideas of the Reading â€Å"His novels†¦with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world today† Sweidsh Academy Nobel Prize Citation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Inheritors is a novel written by William Golding as an imaginative reconstruction of the life of a group og Neanderthals. William Golding in this novel takes the readers for a journey through the world of the primitive men and the world is such that is seen by the eyes, visions, and up-and-coming language expressions of the first of the humans. The characters have been drawn by the author rather very sensitively, covering each and every characteristic of theirs. In the novel, the language of the Neanderthals is limited to images or pictures, which they form in their mind. For example, in the words of the author, â€Å"He shut his eyes and frowned at the picture of the log† (Golding, p.12). The Neanderthals were highly dependant on their senses. They used them to detect intruders and to assure safety, As the author writes, â€Å"Then he searched the forest with ear and nose for intruders and only when he was sure of safety did he put down his thorn bush and kneel by the water† (Golding, p.12). The mental images of theirs are used by the Neanderthals to show them the way to food, their seasonal homes and to save them from possible dangers. The descriptions that have been given by the author are very precise. Marvelously defined are the surroundings and feelings of all the characters. Cold, drenched, starving, reliance on a sense of smell, stones for armaments, hyenas indicating a kill for the group of our most primitive ancestors to steal, and a blossoming plant intertwined forest of the early spring abounding with a mystical ice woman to be worshipped. This block of ice known as Oa is worshipped and awed by the whole of the tribe of Neanderthals. The book has been written by the author in such a way that at times one begins to consider the Neanderthals as the Homo sapiens. The Neanderthals are portrayed as characters, which do not talk but only gesture to each other, form images in their mind and carry out the burial of their dead with heartfelt, solemn rituals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are only eight of the remaining Neanderthals in the story, out of which there are six adults and a small girl and an infant. The tribal clan is led by a Neanderthal namely Lok. The story begins with a pair of Neanderthals who witness the death of a number of people of their group, which later proceeds on to the the kidnap of the infant neandethral. The parents of the infant neandethral begin observing the human species that live on a river island (and are scared of Neandethrals as they consider them demons of the forest). The neandethrals have their own religious rituals and while observing the humans through the tress they find out that the humans have completely different rituals. The religious activities of the Neandethrals are centered around Oa, the block of ice, while the activites of the Homo sapiens were centered around a female matriarch-priestess. The humans live across the river and the Neandethrals are extremely scared of crossing the water due to the fact that they cannot swim hence they are very scared to walk through the water to save their daughter. The homo sapiens have captured the daughter of the Neandethrals because their priestess wishes to keep her as her pet as she fancies the red her and the childish features of the infant. The new people, that is the homo sapiens are extremely different. The new people have already built boats, have weapons such as bows and arrows, have a very complex way of life and live rather sophisticated lives, know how to ferment honey into had used the bow-and-arrow as a formidable weapon, developed a more complex social structure, knew how to ferment honey into liquor, and also know of ways to protect themselves from h armful elements. These two groups of people have no single thing common between each other and do not gain anything common by the end of the novel. The new people, that is the homo sapiens have brought along with them art, war, lust, intoxication etc and eventually a battle takes place between them in order to see who the superior power is or that who has the ability to survive in the long run and who has the dominating power. A number of kidnaps as well as murders take place, but after all, humans with their treachery and sharp minds take over the Neanderthals and wipe them off the surface of earth. The Neanderthals had long before accepted the fact that the new species that is the Homo sapiens have such knowledge, wisdom, and weapons, control over the elements etc that the simpler species that is the Neanderthals would face nothing but doom at their hand. Reflection of the time in which the reading was produced   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Inheritors was written in the year 1955. By then, the general perception related to the first humans was that the Neanderthals had become distinct and they disappeared because of the fact that they fell in love with their beautiful human neighbors, that is the Homo sapiens. However, The Inheritors shows us a completely different picture. The book was written at a time when nearly nothing was known of the days when Neanderthals walked on earth. Back then, no research what so ever had been conducted regarding the period of the Neanderthals and the first humans and the way the humans had taken over the Neanderthals. It was in the 1950s that it was found that the primitive people, the first Homo Sapien had come up with a way to cross the water and not drown. This was a time when nothing was known of our ancestors, their society, their social lives, their characteristics, their features and all of this had to be brought out into the open so that we may realize just what we used to be and what we are now – sadly, there is not much of a difference.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When one goes through the book under consideration, that is, The Inheritors, he or she gets to see his ancestors. The ancestors, who had already made weapons, were extremely ignorant, had the tendency to kill for their own good and were completely corrupt. It was believed back then (when the book was written) from what little was known about the Neanderthals that the Homo sapiens were superior to the Neanderthals. This according to Golding was untrue. The Homo sapiens were not superior in anyway what so ever. What the Homo sapiens were was more evil and clever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While going through the book today, we see a part of the current humans in the Homo sapiens of the first kind. There are extreme similarities between us and the Homo sapiens that have been portrayed by Golding in his book. The novel has been written about a time when the Neanderthals were disappearing and a new much cleverer and well-occupied kind of man came into being. These men were the Homo sapiens and they were none other than our ancestors. The Neanderthals were disappearing because of the Homo sapiens as they were gaining power over the land. Back then, the Homo sapiens killed the Neanderthals and today humans are killing off each other, which proves that man has not changed at all since then. Personal Response to the Reading   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the book we see a group of Neanderthals (they did not have family relations) who lived a peaceful life in their own world. Changes in the climate, the arrival of the Homo sapiens on the other side of the river along with certain bad omens from their God have upset them. The changes in the current environment is upsetting them because of the fact that they are not at all equipped to handle the changes that are taking place and all they have is the knowledge that they have inherited from their ancestors and completely lack in creative abilities and skills unlike the Homo sapiens who have equipped themselves with all it takes to counter the changing environment and are not at all afraid of the elements. These newcomers or the Homo sapiens have been portrayed as very clever, quick-witted beings that unlike the Neanderthals have a language and they also take up violence in order to get what they want. They notice that the Homo sapiens were armed with bows and arrows along with sharp tools that were made out of bone and they could cross the river without drowning by the use of rowing logs (boats). My personal response to the reading is that the book is very interesting although highly confusing as well. But no matter what, the book is very absorbing and it also presents us with an insight into the social life of the humans as to how humans can survive with only the earth as a guide for them to live. I believe that the story is somehow a bit disturbing, as it reveals the truth about our ancestors and it is rather hurtful to know that it was our ancestors, who were among the first to begin manslaughter. It is disturbing to find out that our ancestors were the ones who destroyed an entire species. This notion makes the reader feel very sympathetic towards the Neanderthals and it shows that the weak or the submissive people are not the inheritors of earth. They somehow, struggle to put up with the changing circumstances and we further see them failing badly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This piece of writing shows us the darkness that exists in the heart of the humans since the very beginning. It shows that the history of mankind is full of violence and barbaric acts that have been carried out against the innocent. Perhaps, the author is trying to show the two sides of a human beings nature. The innocent and caring nature of the Neanderthal symbolizing the love that perhaps every human has locked up deep within himself and the violent nature of the Homo sapiens depicting the darker side of a human being. The Neanderthals were very simple and believed in even a wooden log having its own will. They talked in pictures and thoughts. They believed in water being alive and awake or asleep. As the writer says, â€Å"the water was not awake like the river or the fall but asleep, spreading there to the river and waking up, stretching on the right into wildernesses of impassable swamp and thicket and bog. So sure was he of this log the people always used that he opened his eyes again, beginning to smile as if he were waking out of a dream; but the log was gone† (Golding, p.12). The only idea that I personally disagree with is that of telepathy between the Neanderthals. The story tells us that they did have the ability to talk, but they did not do so. Another aspect of the book which can cause problems for a reader is the fact that it is written completely from the point of view of Lok, hence certain things about the going-on’s are somehow confusing as it lacks clarity. At times one does not even know as to what is going on. But all in all, the entire book is very interesting and it lets a person learn much about they ways of his or her ancestors. The book is very enlightening and the fact that it is disturbing can be ignored in order to learn the truth about history and primitive men. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the light of the above discussion we can hereby culminate that the book under consideration, that is, The Inheritors was written by William Golding. The book was penned down by the author in the year 1955 after his extremely famous novel known as Lord of the Flies. The basic theme of the book is to educate the people about their ancestors that are the first of the Homo sapiens and the ways by which they took over the Neanderthals who were the last of their kind. The Neanderthals were simple, caring yet curious, while the Homo sapiens were clever, quick-witted, could cheat and commit treachery and could also get violent in order to get what they want. Eventually the Homo sapiens finished off the last generation of Neanderthals and took over the earth, or in other words, became the inheritors of earth. The book is at times very disturbing but all in all it is a good read as it tells us of the ways of our ancestors, which still prevail in our society and makes one think as to why we have not changed at all in all these years.                                           Bibliography Golding, W. (1955). The Inheritors. United Kingdom. Harvest Books. ISBN: 0156443791. Page 12

Human rights institutions

Human rights institutions Introduction AIDS and HIV affect the lives of every human being, from those who are HIV-positive, those who know someone who is infected and those non-infected people. This is because, once AIDS and HIV hit, it will in directly or directly influences aspects of our life. As a matter of fact, AIDS is the only health concern in the world that has its own United Nations agency, also known as UNAIDS. However, apart from the work of the United Nations and its several organs does, there are several other international organisations that operate in the worldwide fight against AIDS and HIV. Examples of these international organisations are the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the African Union (AU). The United Nations The United Nations does not only contribute to the fight against AIDS and HIV by supply financial, technical and human resources to UNAIDS organisation only, but also coordinate a collaboration of projects and schemes through the majority of the UN agencies. These organisations all have their own particular international responses to reverse the spread of AIDS and HIV virus. Such illustrations are these international organisations: Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food expenditure in Sub-Saharan African has dropped by forty per cent in rural villages because of the AIDS and HIV virus. As stated by Marcela Villarreal who is a FAO and AIDS specialist Food is the first medicine for HIV/AIDS and often the only medicine as tragic as it is to be orphaned, it is very different being orphaned at 15 years of age than being orphaned at 7. If parents could live a few more years, they could take their children to the fields and teach them by doing.[1] In brief, parents cannot pass on the agricultural trade to their children, if their children are already orphaned by the age they could learn and understand. For this reason, FAO is working on the issue that everyone should have access to food. Food and agricultural are two vital issues for AIDS and HIV prevention, because malnutrition will increase body infections and spread AIDS-related illnesses in communities where extreme poverty reigns. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Based in Vienna, IAEA is operating to provide the technological expertise and the know-how to underdeveloped countries in regards to health and food nourishment. In 2005 the IAEA and its Director Dr. Mohammed El Baradei won the Nobel Peace Prize for the prevention of nuclear energy being used for military intentions instead for peaceful measures and goals. Therefore, IAEA decided to distribute the Nobel Peace Prize with the whole world by establishing the IAEA Nobel Prize Cancer and Nutrition Fund. This fund sponsor knowledgeable experts and research related to aid infant malnutrition and health in developing countries. Over the years the IAEA has supported numerous activities in infant nutrition where stable isotope techniques have been applied. These include projects to measure human milk intake in breast-fed infants, lean body mass (muscle mass) in lactating mothers, and bioavailability of iron in infants and young children.[2] International Labour Organisation (ILO) As stated by Juan Somavia, Director of ILO HIV/AIDS is a major threat to the world of work: it is affecting the most productive segment of the labour force and reducing earnings, and it is imposing huge costs on enterprises in all sectors through declining productivity, increasing labour costs and loss of skills and experience.[3] Concisely, employment plays a crucial role in AIDS and HIV prevention, because there are several matters that indirectly affect the livelihoods of human beings who are HIV-positive, such as: sexual discrimination, child labour and universal fundamental human rights. Thus, if there are more people who are not infected by AIDS or HIV, they can find a decent job sustain themselves and their family and thus in the end they are economically contributing the society and increasing the economic wealth. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Based in Geneva, UNAIDS is an innovative joint venture of the United Nations family, bringing together the efforts and resources of ten UN system organizations in the AIDS response to help the world prevent new HIV infections, care for people living with HIV, and mitigate the impact of the epidemic.[4] As a result since 2000, AIDS become an international health concern when the UN Security Council approved Resolution 1308, following this event; a series of achievements became apparent about the importance to reverse the spread of AIDS and HIV for instance the 2000 Millennium Development Goals, the 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS and the 2006 Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS.[5] UNAIDS is also working in partnership with UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, ILO, UNESCO, WHO, World Bank, NGOs, MNCs and governments to put to an end AIDS by the year 2015. Office for the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) In 2001, the UN General Assembly ratified the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, as part of the programme to fight AIDS and HIV by promoting universal human rights on a domestic, regional and international level. Annex 1 of the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/ AIDS states that [T]he full realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all is an essential element in a global response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, including in the areas of prevention, care, support and treatment, and [] it reduces vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and prevents stigma and related discrimination against people living with or at risk of HIV/AIDS.[6] These universal human rights consist of health, gender equality, basic education and decent employment, which all play a significant role to fight AIDS and HIV epidemic. Therefore, if these human rights are not respected, human beings are vulnerable to be infected by this pandemic disease. United Nation Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) UNIFEMs procedure is targeted to help women and young girls combating AIDS and HIV from sexual relations, have access to reproductive health, by promoting maternal health and preventing mother to child transmissions. This is because gender inequality and violations of womens rights make women and girls particularly susceptible, leaving them with less control than men over their bodies and their lives. Women and girls often have less information about HIV and fewer resources to take preventive measures. They face barriers to the negotiation of safer sex, including economic dependency and unequal power relations.[7] Thus, UNIFEM forefront approach is reducing aggression and discrimination against women, improving women decision-making power and decreasing the household burden women carry on their own, especially when it comes to taking care of HIV-positive relatives while continuing to manage their household and working full-time. United Nations Childrens Emergency Fund (UNCEF) AIDS and HIV has radically altered the perspective of Sub-Saharan African children on how they view the world, especially if they are orphaned at a young age with nowhere to go and no one to feel belong to. As a result, UNICEF launched its response to prevent the transmission of AIDS and HIV particularly among children is by encouraging thefour Ps guide, which are preventing mother-to-child transmission, providing paediatric care, preventing infection among adolescents and protecting children affected by AIDS.[8] The 2005 campaign Unite for Children, Unite Against AIDS was aimed to do away with the situation that few children reach beyond their fifth birthday, because of child mortality, inadequate medical care and lack of primary education. UNICEF isnt just seeking to eliminate AIDS among children, but according to Mr. Jimmy Kolker UNICEF Chief of HIV/AIDS and Associate Director of Programmes, UNICEFs goal is to eliminate the need for that treatment by seeing an AIDS-free generation .[9] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) UNDP is undertaking the responsibility to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and reduce its impact. As a trusted development partner, and co-sponsor of UNAIDS, it helps countries put HIV/AIDS at the centre of national development and poverty reduction strategies; build national capacity to mobilize all levels of government and civil society for a coordinated and effective response to the epidemic; and protect the rights of people living with AIDS, women, and vulnerable populations.[10] UNDP is currently concentrating on AIDS in relation to development planning and mainstreaming; governance of AIDS responses; international law, human rights, gender equality such as sexual minorities, public health and development partnerships, basic education and maternal and child morality.[11] United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) UNESCO is working to stop the spread of AIDS and HIV around the world, by eradicating the social and cultural barriers and put forward on its international agenda the issue of universal education. This is because by increasing [the] role of education sectors is also a recognition that a good education is one of the most effective ways of helping young people to avoid HIV/AIDS.[12] Education is the basic foundation of every human being. Without education, human beings are more prone to be vulnerable to AIDS and HIV and that particular individual cannot develop the knowledge of trade so that anyone can economically stable. On the other hand, through its programme The Cultural Approach to HIV and AIDS Prevention and Care UNESCO is continuing to eliminate cultural ignorance of the local citizens to help them combat the stigma and discrimination that surrounds AIDS and HIV. United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) As stated by Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the UNEP, UNEP as the principal UN body in the field of the environment, recognizes that human well-being is the focus of environment and sustainable development issues. Tackling poverty, promoting gender equality and combating HIV/AIDS are all linked to environmental sustainability; just as environmental sustainability is an essential component of achieving all the UN Millennium Development Goals.[13] In fact, developing countries were the least countries emitting greenhouse gas emissions, but they were the most affected by climate change due to desertification, lack of rain and drought. The environment erected a barrier towards AIDS and HIV prevention since there was the lack of food storage among African citizens. Thus, this is why, UNEP is contributing its share to compensate African countries which are the most badly affected by the issue of climate change. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Refugees around the world are more prone to be infected by AIDS and HIV because of ethnic conflict, dislocation, food insecurity and extreme poverty.[14] Food insecurity is the major cause for the fleeing of thousands of refugees to neighbouring countries for shelter and a chance to have a better life. However, refugees who leave their homeland, because of racial clashes often take whatever they have in hand to escape. Once they are in another region they are in deeper poverty because they do not have sufficient money to start a new life and thus they end up living in slum areas and relying on begging in order to get something to eat. Therefore, UNHCR is operating on the notion of food insecurity is the result for the spread of AIDS and HIV since human beings especially women against their wish turn to sex work as a means to economically sustain themselves. United Nations Human Settlements Programmes (UN-Habitat) UN-Habitat is working together with local and international policy-makers to improve this lies of people living both in urban and rural areas. These measure which include improved water and sanitation facilities, enhance the lives slum dwellers, eliminate extreme poverty and encourage sustainable development. Dr. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka Executive Director of UN-Habitat, stated that in order to prevent the continuation of the spread of AIDS and HIV, one needs to first focus on the goal to have secure shelter, because without a secure home, and a caring family and community, it was difficult, if not impossible, to provide health care and effective counselling to those afflicted.[15] In other words, UN-Habitat has the responsibility to prevent AIDS and HIV, by first tackling the issue of safe housing particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa where there are a lot of homeless people due to extreme poverty. United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) UNODC is in charge on the issue to prevent AIDS and HIV epidemic among injecting drug users and in prison settings around the world especially in the Sub-Saharan region. Therefore, the UNODC is mainstreaming HIV and AIDS into its activities at the national, regional and global levels, and is helping States and civil society organizations to develop and implement comprehensive HIV and AIDS prevention and care programmes for injecting drug users.[16] Also, with the slogan Think AIDS, before you start, before you shoot, before you share, the UNODC is aiming to increase awareness and knowledge on the dangers of illegal substances and their relation to AIDS and HIV viruses especially among adolescents. This is because, it is estimated that there are around 16 million drug users globally and there is the possibility that one in five are HIV-positive.[17] United Nations Population Fund (UNPFA) UNPFAs responsibility is to promote prevention of AIDS and HIV among all genders and all generations, because UNPFA considers AIDS and HIV as an international humanitarian crisis that affects every human being around the globe. These are mainly done by distributing contraceptives and knowledge of birth control among women, refugees and young people, advertising universal access to health especially anti-retroviral drugs, gender equality, respect for human rights and eliminate abject poverty. UNPFA view the role of women as a key factor towards the progress of AIDS and HIV prevention. In fact, as stated by Ms. Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive Director of UNFPA Women who have been affected by the epidemic are the real experts in the response to HIV Their experience allows them to give concrete, practical, down-to-earth advice. But their participation must continue beyond an advisory role. Women should also have more say in budgetary decisions.[18] World Food Programme (WFP) Like FAO and UNHCR, WFP is tackling the issue of food security as a root for AIDS and HIV prevention. Famine in Sub-Saharan African countries has forces local citizens to turn into piracy, crime and prostitution to feed themselves and their family. This is why WFP is working to distribute food as food is the forefront means against the battle of AIDS and HIV disease. According to James T. Morris, Executive Director of WFP, he believes that Existing therapies require sound nutrition. Adequate food is essential for prolonging the lives of parents and enabling them to have a few more precious weeks, months or maybe even years to work and spend time with their families. Perhaps we cannot give them hope for a cure, but we can give them time.[19] In other words, Sub-Saharan African people, apart from decent supply of medicines and drugs they are in need more of good quality of food. World Health Organisation (WHO) WHO is at the front position in regards to the wellbeing and health of citizens of those who are HIV-positive, are affected by AIDS and HIV or are in danger to be infected by this pandemic disease. Moreover, WHO strategic plan to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS are by facilitate inhabitants to know their HIV status, enlarge the health divisions towards the continuation of AIDS and HIV prevention, increase the development of HIV treatment, support and care, improve and enlarge health procedure, Invest in premeditated knowledge and awareness for better education in regards to AIDS and HIV response.[20] These five important guidelines will help to give a better life to patients suffering from AIDS or HIV. Policies of the African Union African Union is a pan-African and inter-governmental organisation that aims to have a mutual partnership to increase affluence and peaceful relations between all African nation states. This union, which consists of thirty-five member states, is currently chaired by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi of the Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The African Unions purposes in international relations is to point towards to promote unity and solidarity among African States; to coordinate and intensify cooperation for development; to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Member States and to promote international cooperation within the framework of the United Nations.[21] Above all, the African Union has various projects to put Africa on the international agenda, among these projects there are specific measures taken to eliminate the burden of malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS and HIV in Africa. These international health concerns are tackled, on an international level, with a collaboration of other international organisations such as the United Nations and the Millennium Development Goals. In order to deal with the problem of AIDS and HIV in Africa, the AU on May 2006 organised a Special Summit themed as the Universal Access to HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Services by 2010 in Abuja, Nigeria. This summit included delegations from civil society organizations, the UN and its agencies together with members of the African Union and its thirty-five AU member states. This summit started with a follow-up of the results that came out from the 2000 Declarations and Frameworks for Action on the Abuja Summit on Roll Back Malaria and the 2001 Abuja Summit on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases.[22] However, this special summit set out new goals that were: first is to re-evaluate the accomplishments made since the 2000 and the 2001 Abuja summits to make sure the AU reach the objectives, in the context of the Millennium Development Goals. Second is to recognise the disparities, limitations and confrontations of the aims of the Abuja Summits and Millenni um Development Goals. Third is to ascertain new plan of action that will allow the African Union to keep a record of additional and more pragmatic route with regards to attain the mention targets. Fourth is to get hold of the improved responsibility of the African Leaders for addressing the diseases of AIDS/HIV, malaria and tuberculosis and encouraging health and wellbeing in Africa. Fifth is to intensify the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) within the framework of the New Partnership for Africas development (NEPAD) and for assessing the development towards establishing social development. And, sixth was to plan Africas Common Position to global forums such as the 2006 UNGASS on AIDS and the 2006 World Health Assembly.[23] Recently, between the 4th and the 8th of May 2009 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was launched the 4th Session of the AU Conference of Ministers of Health. The subject of this conference was Universal Access to Quality Health Services: Improve Maternal Neonatal and Child Health. The AU Conference of Ministers of Health provided an important forum for Member States, development partners and other stakeholders to, among others: review progress in health sector development, particularly universal access to services and the health-related MDGs in Africa; devise/adopt strategies for accelerated action towards more effective implementation of commitments for promotion of maternal and child health, survival and well-being in Africa; share experiences and learn from each other as concerns ongoing programmes and activities on health and development in Africa.[24] In other words, this conference shows that African states especially Sub-Saharan countries are well aware about problems in their individu al health sector, and the lack of medicine and drugs to combat HIV and other AIDS-related diseases. Therefore, this is why they are working in an alliance to achieve mutual goals. This conference also publicly introduced the AUs Campaign on Accelerated Reduction of Maternal Mortality in Africa. As well as, the African Union is also giving special attention by concentrating on the issue of AIDS and HIV among the armed forces. Furthermore, on July 2009 in Sirte, Libya during the ordinary session of the African Union launched a programme named Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security.'[25] Overall, all of these key procedures are taken to deal with the issue of health and wellbeing especially AIDS and HIV from an African perspective, particularly focused to help fellow Sub-Saharan African states. African policy-makers and leaders are taking considerate interest to fight AIDS and HIV from every viewpoint, because they know at firsthand about the social, cultural and economical difficulties this virus brings among their nation. Thus, this is why they are undertaking the notions of health both maternal and infant wellbeing, the local economy, national security and agricultural and food security as a serious matter. Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was founded in 2002, by a mutual partnership between national governments, the civil society, bilateral and multilateral international organizations, the private sector and affected societies stand in for innovative paradigm to global health funding.[26] The Global Fund is an exclusive international public and private partnership dedicated to attracting and disbursing additional resources to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. On June 10th 2009, the Global Fund participated in the 2009 HIV/AIDS Implementers Meeting in Windhoek, Namibia, together with the U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), UNAIDS, UNICEF, WHO, World Bank and The Global Network of People living with HIV (GNP+). This meeting themed Optimizing the Response: Partnerships for Sustainability, attracted more than 1,500 representatives of governmental and non-governmental institutions related to AIDS and HIV. The scope of this conference was to implement a strategic plan and new policies for prevention that will help to stop the spread of AIDS and HIV around the world. In fact, recognizing the importance of a sustainable global AIDS response, the focus of this years meeting will be on optimizing the impact of prevention, treatment and care programs; enhancing program quality; promoting coordination among partners; and encouraging innovative responses to the pandemic.[27] Carla Bruni-Sarkozy who is Frances First Lady is currently the ambassador for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Ms. Bruni-Sarkosy is advocating the issue of mother-to-child transmission, by giving a voice on an international level for the many women and children suffering from or affected by AIDS and HIV. On September 2009, Ms. Bruni-Sarkozy delivered a speech at the UN General Assembly, to call on all world leaders to guarantee the increase of the amount of anti-retroviral drugs to HIV-positive expecting mothers. During her speech, which also attended by UN General Secretary Ban Ki-Moon, Carla Bruni-Sarkozy stated that In large parts of the world, the face of AIDS is a womans face, and often the face of a mother, a mother afraid for herself and for her child. Isnt this a major failure of our efforts to promote development, when women under treatment can better care for themselves and their families, and form the solid foundation of an entire community, an enti re economy?[28] Concisely, Bruni-Sarkozys vision is that, if African countries, with the help of Western nation states remove the barriers and start to educate women about maternal and reproductive health. This investment will build on fertile grounds, the basis of loving and supporting families which will be beneficial to the whole society and will results in better economic system that will be valuable to the whole nation. As part of World AIDS Day campaign, on 1st of December 2009, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria together with The U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief introduced another project that will mutually be providing anti-retroviral drugs to more than three million patients, around the world who live in states that have low or middle wages. PEPFAR and the Global Fund enjoy a complementary and supportive relationship in the fight against HIV and AIDS worldwide. In order to exploit synergies, PEPFAR and Global Fund-financed programs coordinate at the country level to ensure that resources are used efficiently and effectively. Collaboration and coordination are crucial to the efficient use of money and for making further progress in providing AIDS treatment and care to the millions still in need.[29] In other words, both PEPFAR and the Global Fund aim to eliminate AIDS and HIV around the world by promoting preventive health care as well as anti-retroviral drugs t o patients suffering from AIDS or HIV in developed and underdeveloped countries. This is mainly done, by making the most of their available medicine to reach the vast number of people as possible, and thus change for the better the lives of the citizens. The Global Funds mission is to bring international health concerns like AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria on the international agenda so that the general public around the world can educate oneself about prevention and symptoms of such diseases. It also inform the civil society about how it badly effective underdeveloped countries such as Sub-Saharan states because of the lack of education that is available to the public. This is why, the Global Fund had launched a series of schemes and project to donate medicine and drugs in order to cure patients affected by AIDS and HIV or other related illness while educating those people who are not infected on how to prevent being contaminated by this virus. Conclusion AIDS and HIV consumes health, resources and productivity within the national and international; community. Therefore, this is why we are in need of a global response to fight AIDS and HIV illness from every aspect, because every aspect of ones life that is from education to health to housing to the national economy, affects the lives of the inhabitants especially those who are in danger to be infect by HIV or have an AIDS-related infection. Affluence plays a major role in the policy of a nation state, because the wealthier the country is, the more people can have a better standard of living and distant from any deathly disease. This is why the UN, AU and the Global Fund are bringing about the downfall of AIDS and HIV by implementing policies from every outlook. http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/11580-en.html [assessed December 2009] Kinley D. III (ed.) (2006) IAEA Nobel Peace Prize Cancer and Nutrition Fund. Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency. Page: 7. Citing Juan Somavia, Director-General of the International Labour Organisation (2001) An ILO Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and the World of Work. Geneva: International Labour Office. Page: iii. http://www.unaids.org/en/AboutUNAIDS/default.asp [assessed December 2009] http://www.unaids.org/en/AboutUNAIDS/Goals/default.asp [assessed December 2009] Citing the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS from OHCHR and UNAIDS (2007) Handbook on HIV and Human Rights for National Human Rights Institutions. Geneva: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Page: 3. http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/hiv_aids/ [assessed December 2009] http://www.unicef.org/aids/index.php [assessed December 2009] Citing Mr. Jimmy Kolker UNICEF Chief of HIV/AIDS and Associate Director of Programmes from http://www.unicef.org/aids/index_51958.html [assessed December 2009] http://www.undp.org/hiv/ [assessed December 2009] http://www.undp.org/hiv/docs/UNDP%20response%20to%20AIDS_08.pdf?asset_id=1671970 [assessed December 2009] http://www.ibe.unesco.org/AIDS/doc/WorldBank_Sourcebook.pdf [assessed December 2009] http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=496ArticleID=5445l=en [assessed December 2009] http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=searchdocid=42f31d492query=aids and hiv [assessed December 2009] http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=3011catid=5typeid=6subMenuId=0 [assessed December 2009] http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/ [assessed December 2009] http://www.unodc.org/docs/thinkaids/Factsheets_2009/factsheet_EN.pdf [assessed December 2009] Citing Ms. Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive Director of UNFPA from http://www.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/News/pid/1141 [assessed December 2009] Citing James T. Morris, Executive Director of WFP from http://www.wfp.org/sites/default/files/First%20Line%20of%20Defense%20English.pdf [assessed December 2009] http://www.who.int/hiv/aboutdept/en/index.html [assessed December 2009] http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/AboutAu/au_in_a_nutshell_en.htm [assessed December 2009] http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/past/2006/may/summit/summit.htm [assessed December 2009] http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/past/2006/may/summit/summit.htm [assessed December 2009] http://www.africa-union.org/root/UA/newsletter/publication%2040%20may%202009.pdf [assessed December 2009] http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/Resources/FeatureStories/archive/2009/20090702_African_Union.asp [assessed December 2009] http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/partnership/?lang=en [assessed December 2009] http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/pressreleases/?pr=pr_090611 [assessed December 2009] Citing Ms. Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, First Lady of France from http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/pressreleases/?pr=pr_090922 [assessed December 2009] http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/pressreleases/?pr=pr_091201a [assessed December 2009]

Human resource management is a vital tool in any organization

Human resource management is a vital tool in any organization HRM Management: Human resource management is a vital tool in any organization. Employees are vital assets of these organizations if their goals, targets and aims are to be met. If properly managed and taken care of, employees may well contribute to an organizations improvement and success using their specific capacities and knowledge. The main challenge facing HR managers in handling and administering employees is that each person has their specific characteristics and capacities which must be adjusted in line with the prevailing operating environment within the organization. The organizations must consider also the behavior of the employees colleagues and superiors in order to promote a smoother and more efficient working relationship.   I would like to argue in this paper that many current human resource management practices are of help to the young adults working for the first time, albeit these practices may still be improved. Who we will hire? Browsing through researches and studies, I have noticed that a critical factor in human resources management is hiring the right kind of persons for each position. Out of the dozens or even hundreds or so applicants who passed their resumes to the HR office, only a few of them managed to pass the written and/or oral exams, get to be interviewed by a panel, and get a slot in an organization. But even hiring them may not be an assurance that a firm/organization got the person up to the challenges of his position, depending on his ability to relate well with colleagues, has the ability to deliver amid issues which may arise in the workplace. More importantly is to ensuring the stay of an employee. As pointed out in various studies such as those of (Calvasina, Calvasina, Calvasina, 2008), fresh graduates may face problems related sexual harassment, racial discrimination and similar issues brought on by unethical behavior by colleagues and even superiors. Determining these factors is impo rtant especially when hiring fresh graduates who may or may not have any working experience related with their courses.    Browsing through Calvasina et.al (2008) study reveals that some government agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) have filed charges against firms suspected of harassing their first time young employees. In addition, the EEOC has also conducted seminars orienting young adults on their rights as employees and even engaging with employers to provide a conducive environment for young adults to be employed for the first time. Calvasina et.al (2008) also cites several court decisions pertaining to sexual harassment occurring in various states. The study had concerning sexual harassment of young employees by some of their older colleagues. Specifically, many cases ended in payment of damages, attendance of seminars or out of court settlements. Some of these incidents involved older employees asking for sex, or sexual favors from younger and newly-minted colleagues for some periods of time. Many of the firms were also accused of inadequate and slow action in resolving these cases. At the studys end, Calvasina, et.al (2008) concluded that while many employers have agreed to conduct trainings on sexual harassment among their employees, it is still vital that these trainings be formally done and documented, the trainings should be expanded to include other forms of harassment, the trainings be followed up by refresher courses, and personnel handling the trainings should be qualified. The EEOC also came out with a series of guidelines for employers aimed at preventing workplace discrimination against young workers (Cavasina, et.al 2008): These include facilitating employer-young worker interaction, encouraging various modes for young employees to air complains on harassment and discrimination, formulation of a organizational policy dealing with harassment and discrimination issues, publicly and clearly enunciating such policy to all employees, and conducting training sessions for supervisors on harassment/discrimination prevention. The commission also encourages employers to reach out to parents of young employees so that they can be better informed on workplace issues which may involve their children Related to this issue is the policy on affirmative action which may affect younger colored, Hispanic and white employees. With racial concerns still underlying employment issues, it is important for firms to try balancing its employee population based on color. At the same time, it is vital that this proportioning be done according to merit. If there are cases of discrimination, firms may implement pertinent policies based on affirmative action. I also think that the EEOCs policy on discrimination and harassment may be applied to issues on affirmative action specifically on employer-employee communication and a clear policy on merit-based affirmative action. Human Resources Hiring Planning and Development It is also important for HR managers to critically consider the hiring, planning and development processes corollary to acquiring and retaining new employees. It is during these processes when an organization gets new manpower, develop their skills according to their specific capabilities and at the same time, craft specific measures aimed at streamlining human resource management. However because these processes also entails costs and time, organizations must be able to estimate beforehand the HRs needs and requirements. Ivancevich (2009) points out specific characteristics of the current HRM system such as emphasis on action, focus on individual employees, ability to adjust with global employment conditions and capability to foresee potential changes in how things are being run. This dynamic paradigm necessitates critical analysis among HR practioners if their respective units are to survive in the current competitive world. Citing experiences from the cooperative sector, Freeman (1993) details ways by which an organization can develop a systematic way of developing long term plans for HR management. In her study Freeman suggests that a management formulate a long-term human resources plan in line with the organizations strategic plans. The human resources plan should be able to address the employees long term goals, requirements and needs, their growth opportunities, employees placement considerations, the organizations hiring and promotion practices, as well as legal matters. Freeman adds the management can formulate such plans by conducting consultation sessions with  labour, where both sides can review each others perspectives on the issue. A quantitative review of employees performance can be made to assess their capabilities in light of current human resources practices of the organization. Ivancevich (2009) also discusses the importance of planning and development in human resources practices. In the context of considering HRM as a profit center, human resource managers should solve related issues according to the profit-oriented paradigm, assessing and interpreting costs/benefits of HR issues, and formulating planning models to empirically determining viability in attaining goals, among other tasks. (Ivancevich, 2009) In terms of attaining goals, Ivancevich (2009) points out companies are primarily suggested to implement intra-organizational reforms. These include: producing well trained and highly-motivated employees, improving job satisfaction among the employees, achieving a balanced quality of work life mix, mitigating negative effects of change and compelling faster processes within the organization. In order for firms to accomplish most if not all of these goals, companies should be able to develop a systematic way by which organizations can promote well-planned and highly organized HR practices. Ivancevich (2009) explains organizations should clearly enunciate their HR strategy, policies and procedures. Doing so will enable them to know what will be their thrust in human resources (i.e. retaining old employees vs. hiring new employees) and how these will be specifically implemented. The first major step will be determining employee satisfaction with their advancement/growth opportunities. Organizations may conduct surveys among them. The management may use the results from the surveys to craft changes in HR policies if possible. Then they can formulate ways (procedures) to implement these revised policies. Ivancevich (2009) also tells HR specialists and managers of the other important factors governing HR hiring, planning and development phases. First, they must consider the size and extent of the HR department. The larger this unit is, it has more manpower and resources to implement systematic, clear and objective HR practices according to specific sectors. Secondly, HR managers and operational managers need to work together in order for the practices to be smoothly implemented. However, Ivancevich himself admits that relationships between the two kinds of managers have not always been smooth due to their differing views on operations and concepts. Ivancevich (2009) also points out that the increase of Generation Y or young employees born in relatively recent decades may affect the efficacy of HR practices be implemented in an     organization. Correlating with a study mentioned earlier about young employees problems with harassments, the members of the Y Generation may also have challenges in adjusting with their older colleaguess perceptions on work, life and even religion. HR managers should consider these differences in  behaviour  since they are subjective, something which must be carefully treaded on in crafting workplace policies. HRM practitioners need to consider the changing demand in the kind of skills needed in the market. As pointed out by Grugulis (2009) in response to a review, todays job market has more complicated and complex definition on whether a skill is soft or real. This is because of the diversity of level and practices being sought for by employers and are available in the market.   This, she says, is part of the development of job skills from technological or muscle-based work to one that is more social and communicative in nature. Grugulis recommends HR practioners and labor experts to carefully study these skills so that they can determine the specific needs which may be addressed. I think this is also an important subject to be studied upon by HR managers since many of the young applicants-and employees- may possess some of these soft skills.   The challenge will be to sift through them so that only the best talents can be hired and retained for the firms benefit. Compensation and Benefits If the employees are young and are relatively new on the job, compensation may well focus on the performance of their jobs. Human Resource personnel need to objectively determine who among those young adult employees deserve higher pay and who among those employees need to paid the standard rate. A similar situation exists for benefits, primarily those being offered by the company for excellent performance. Safety and Health Another very vital issue in HR management is keeping employees safe. Ivancevich (2009) cites the example of Aaron Feuerstein who decided to hand out benefits and salaries to his employees after the Malden Mills plant in Massachussets burned down in 1995.   For three months, the firm paid out salaries to its 1,400 displaced workers. Feuerstein also continued to give benefits to these employees for nine months. When the plant was rebuild, 90% of the displaced employees opted to return to Malden Mills. Feuersteins example showed how HR management can mitigate an othewise disastrous/bleak incident into a showcase of concern and goodwill toward its employees. It is also important that the organization  instil  safety concerns among the employees right at the beginning of their employment. At the same time, firms should be prepared to set aside money in case any work-related accident occurs among its employees. Employer-Labor relations We can surmise that an efficient management of human resources greatly helps promote cordial employer-labor relationships. Because they stand in between the two parties, human resources specialists can view each partys concerns and interests more objectively. This is very helpful when the employees are primarily young and newly hired, who may have to adjust with their jobs. Conclusion This discussion had shown that Human Resources practioners have formulated new concepts and procedures in handling new and old employees. Young, newly hired employees have more opportunities to work in the jobs of their choices. However, policymakers as well as employersneed to do more on a.) protecting young newly hired employees from possible abuse from colleagues and b.) addressing possible conflicts in  behaviour  and ideas between the young employees and their older colleagues. On the other hand, the young, newly hired employees need to adjust in thier working environments by changing their mindset that their workplaces ambience will be to their liking. This paper just reiterates my earlier assumption on areas of improvement in the way employers hire and retain young employees. References: Calvasina, G.E., Calvasina, R.V., Calvasina, E. (2008). Creating Positive First Work Experiences for Young Adults: the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s (Eeoc) Youth @ Work Initiative Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 11(2). Freeman J.M. (1993). : Human Resources Planning – Training Needs Analysis. Management Quarterly, 34(3). Grugulis, I.(2009). Skills, Training and Human Resource Development: A Response. Economic and Labour Relations Review, 19(2), Ivencevich, J. (2009). Human Resource Management (11th ed). United States: McGraw-Hill.