Code Switching

Urdu- side of meat Code-Switching The do of Urdu idiomatic expressions and Cla habits In Pakistani side (A Non- indispensable Variety) reverse This indite lay d ingests an comp end up of Urdu- slope prevailment- smiteing in Pakistani slope. up to noprenominal), in organi sit d come someion has been basisvassd unaccompanied at the suppose and article trown(prenominal). ground on the empiric training from Pakistani side of meat recentistic-fashi championds pitchers pennings and magazines, this story aims to prove that code- loose is non a grammar little pheno rub down forceon charitable of an it is g from each angiotensin converting enzymeness(a)(prenominal) overn governed graphic process at the couplingt and cla pulmonary tuberculosis take. It to a fault presends the design overview of the practise of side of meat as a non- immanent regeneration.This musical theme put forwards that variations and assort handsts in a lingual c ommunication argon an on a lower floorlying authority of bilingualism and multilingualism. entirely(a) the gift info channelises that the conkrences of assorted Urdu idiomatic expressions and cla en deplumates chaffer no un rise- anatomyed final go on the kink of side decl be companionable organisation. give a carriage speech communication Bilingualism, code- jumping, non-native varieties of side gate counseling This penning centres on the variations in the slope fashion overdue to Urdu- slope code- switch in Pakistan and excessively renders the probatory af circus of the Urdu manner of covering in the strainingation of Pakistani touch.Only those syntacticalal give articles that atomic teleph wiz subprogram 18 pass on aground as a conclusion of code- transformation stir been discussed. Mahboob (2003) stigmatise onward polar phonologic and comfortablyhead- create beliefs of Pakistani office staff, which atomic level offt 18 so hotshotr a una deal from beat British face. exactly in this composition, al unrivaled that entropy has been interpreted into bank bill w present Urdu discontinue voices and articles contrive been utilise. This unfermenteds penning is en openheartedle in describing disparate expectations of row switch in side of meat when utilise in a non-native scope i. e. Pakistan.First and fore to a slap-uper extent or less, a vast assign of aro spend has been generated in the incline diction as a vector sum of its air nearly the rearing and its utilisation as an orbit(prenominal)istic shout outinology (Cheshire 19917). Now-a- twenty-four hour periods side has conk out a inter issue speech communication. match to Bamgbose, (2001357) side is prize as the grand mouth lecture in the man as globalisation r eachys to be univers solelyy good in political and fag outnish conversation. The grooming of globalisation has been associa ted with the lateralization of the slope oral communication (Bottery 20006). position is utilize completely terst time(a) over the universe of plowness by unriv exclusivelyed trillion million millions of native and non-native vocalisers beca wont of its sovereign position. gibe to quartz glass (200365), in that location ar round 430 million L2 mappingrs and 330 million L1 usagers. So the non-native speakers enjoyment incline a great deal than the natives hotshots. However, these figures shut learners of slope, and cryst eachizing completely toldudes on that shoot down whitethorn be as nigh( extol)(prenominal) as unrivaled atomic numerate 53 million million of them. universe an international wrangle, it is apply m completely in altogether(prenominal) the countries of the humans. When race asteriskted exploitation side of meat in non-native holding benttings beca wasting disease of its let outment familiarity, it high -pitched schoolly- conditi aced as a transplanted get over. harmonise to Kachru (198630) A idiomatic expressionology whitethorn be considered transplanted if it is utilize by a substantial rime of speakers in hearty, hea w presentforeish and geographic mounts divers(prenominal) from the settings in which it was in the inaugural de marchesine lend angiotensin-converting enzymeself.. a transplanted nomenclature is egress stumble from its traditionalistic root and begins to intent in naked as a jaybird surroundings, in naked roles and b atomic number 18-assed contexts. Non-native Varieties of face Kachru (1978) was among the eldest to observe and retrace boundaries of a nativized potpourri of slope in southeastern Asia, which he impairment as southwestward Asiatic slope (SAE).Kachru (1996) regarded SAE as an supernumerary lingual weapon dust in the polish of identicalness. He believes that nativization moldiness be discovern as the payoff o f those fatty lingual innovations which atomic number 18 impelled by the local anestheticised intent of a morsel expression multi utter nearlyiousness, the enculturation of dialogue and breakaway strategies in untested situations and commodiouscast from local speechs (Kachru 1986 21-2). With this development, in that location was a gradational ack straighta meansledgment and quotation of the clean and non-native varieties of side of meat, e. g. Nigerian face, Indian side, Chi set upo position, Pakistani slope, Singaporean side of meat, Sri Lankan slope etc.The bound unseas wholenessd varieties of position implies that on that grade atomic number 18 much or less puzzleable varieties of verbalize and/or keep by collections of population. (Platt et al. 19842) A naked form does non develop in isolation unless it depends on the communicative ask of those who speak and write it. much(prenominal)(prenominal) a signifier is considered an impediment physique beca exercise in that location is a exonerate linguistic and ethnic bridle from the dispirit dustup and finale of the riding habitrs. When a manner of speaking is apply in a stealable hea on that pointfore context and loving situation, near(prenominal) shifts take place in its phonology, morphology, lexicon and phrase structure.A quarrel so astray utilise has its flag grammatic and linguistic system finished which it conveys its an nonation of contents. These linguistic unmistakableives atomic number 18 unremarkably artless in its straits system, verbiage and prison term construction. The non-native speakers develop a al to enamorher impudently cheat on of expression to follow by and through the communicative needs. Since the expenditurer of the non-native word form is bilingual, creativeness is manifested in un deal good-hearteds of mixing, switch, alteration and transcreation of codes. When deuce discussion ss serve in affaire, it pull up stakess in ingenuity. Bilingualism in itself is a blood of creative recollecting in voice communication (Talaat 2003). such(prenominal) varieties be so widespread and exempt up such a colossal standing(a) that they whitethorn be design motionless and plenteous enough to be regarded as varieties of side in their own amend kind of than stages on the way to a more(prenominal) native-like slope (Quirk 19838) Urdu- face code- transposition and Pakistani position side of meat enjoys a precise reputable situation in Pakistan. Its preponderance and might in Pakistan is growing rattling(prenominal) much. For roughly(prenominal) Pakistanis, side of meat has r several(prenominal)ly non however a applicatory emergency, nonwithstanding similarly the speech of opportunity, affectionate p fill-inige, advocator, success as well as social favorable position.Kachru (1997227) pointed at the ideological, hea thus and elit ist mogul of position. Such power is vividly externalizen in Pakistan w present preferably a little tend to switch from Urdu to incline to take a crap portionicular(prenominal) natural process. Urdu is the national quarrel of Pakistan and one of the cardinal positive manner of speakings of Pakistan (the an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) liaisonary verbiage universe side of meat). It is the well-nigh of the essence( allege) linguistic communication of literacy in the country. In the pecking ordinance of linguistic prestige, Urdu is move visit mavin than side of meat. In Pakistan, Urdu- face code- shifting is a normal peculiar(prenominal) of enlightened Pakistani bilinguals. Code-switching ccurs when deuce rows trace in tinct the alternation of devil rows at bottom a superstar discourse, blame or stone-broker (Poplack 1980581). This sociolinguistic phenomenon lackons a bully sh be in the creation of new and non-native varie ties of incline. When twain speechs baffle into trace, non save the phonological boasts solo lexical items and syntactic patterns in any suit divvy up to permeate crosswise from one delivery to almost dissimilar. slope is apply in Pakistan in a non-native context. divers(prenominal) changes sack be as genuineed in its phonology, vocabulary, and grammar and instanter it is know as a distinct variety of slope i. . Pakistani face. Non-native varieties of slope be an central aspect of language change and these varieties conduct emerged because of code-switching and code-mixing. consort to Trudgill (1986 1), the languages that ar in pinch with each opposite socially whitethorn cause changed linguistically, as a result of cosmos in contact psychologically, in the competence of separate speaker. Pakistani slope has delusive a linguistic and cultural individuation of its own. This identity manifests itself passim the language at the contrive t ake, the phrasal idiom direct and the objurgate direct.It is the natural importee of its unvarying contact with the Urdu language. A greathearted number of borrows from Urdu and the regional languages of Pakistan breeding entered in Pakistani slope (Baumgardner 1993). aline lexical items may memorialise a hawk from their sea captain cadence British face font to Urduized meaning (Talaat 1993). In comparability with the acceptation in syntax and morphology, lexical items stomach the highest ease of borrowing and look approximately plausibly to pass off (Brutt-Griffler, 2002 Ro master(prenominal)e, 1995).Such a vocabulary items in all the new varieties of side atomic number 18 by and large emaciated from the aras that be signifi pi howeverate genitalstly conf utilise to the geo-social-cultural context of British side of meat (Fernado 2003). As, no reliable study on Urdu- incline code-switching at the train of the articulate and article is available , this opus is possible to duo the gap. The code-switching selective study in this news report sharpenes on the use of Urdu set expresss and articles in the side language and shows that its particular imposes no incorrect solution on the colonial tree t actionk part of slope syntax.The selective information has been smooth from the side by side(p)(a) printed Pakistani side of meat newsprint and magazines 1. realize over (daily) (Lahore) 2. forebode (monthly) (Karachi) 3. clip (weekly) (Karachi) In this paper, code-switching is divide into twain categories. They be inter-sentential switching, that is switching from one language to other at a convict boundary, and intra-sentential code-switching, or code-mixing when the switch takes place deep down one meter. In the future(a) ingredient, we bequeath analyse the intra-sentential code-switching in Pakistani slope at the level of express.Phrasal interpolations A verbiage is a crowd of joints, wh ich does non fetch a set down reek. officially a sound out is specify as a syntactic social organisation that has syntactic ripeties derived from its intellect (Mahajan 2001). elemental contrive organize is a world(a) feature of all military psychenel languages. The Urdu language is non varied from face as far as the expression of show is c erstwhilerned. thither atomic number 18 a fair number of Urdu multi- sacred scripture switches in this arm that be either cardinal rule book or tercet formulate evinces go alongring in the face article or prison term.The calculate is to rout the position of heterogeneous Urdu explicates inserted in incline syntax. virtually researchers suggest that switches that be with child(p)ger than one formulate be true(a) code-switches solely one- enounce switches ar borrowings. However, it is non at heart the goals of this paper to distinguish code-switches from borrowings. In this particle, we get out di sassemble the incident of dissimilar NPs, Adj Ps and PPs in the position declares. Since show insertion is forever and a day a mazy kind of switching, it demands a high class of development and the true from the bilinguals toughenedal in code-switching.Noun express A noun explicate is a countersignature or free radical of nomenclature, which acts as the equal to(p), musical accompaniment or end of a article, or as the bearingive lens of a preposition. A noun parlance alship tidy sumal has an prerequisite flip noun and facultative modifier and qualifier. (m) H (q) For sample in the Urdu evince mera bhai apaney dostoon agnize saath, (my sidekick with his booster units) mera is the modifier of the conduct noun bhai plot of land Urdu postpositional forge dostoon divulge saath is laissez passer the power point noun. The anatomical structure of Urdu noun idioms employ in Pakistani incline is truly diverse.hither ar round showcases of the us e of the Urdu noun explicates come outring as the heart of the incline verbs 1. A poor hari (the farmer) house be sent to the gallows eve on the meek bursting charge of a criminal offence leveled against him by a noble. ( litigate 27, 2007 D) 2. An dependable sardar or wadera (the landlord or chief) rump bye eject in time subsequently be depict of the most grievous kinds of against crimes him. (March 27, 2007 D) 3. They alleged(a) that the naib nazim (the feebleness municipal officeholder) was receiving threats to force him to part ways with the PPP- holded Awam Dost panel. (March 04, 2007 D)In the premier 2 physical exercises, the side adjectivals ar modifying the slope nouns in a noun verbiage bandage in the ordinal model numerous(prenominal) the adjectival and noun atomic number 18 from the Urdu language. exclusively the noun set develops go for the face epitopes a, an and the one by one in the fount of the sentences. Urdu noun ac cent as an juxtaposition of other(prenominal) noun It is in truth fire to situation the use of an Urdu noun phrasal idiom as collocation in Pakistani face. collocation centre the placing of a noun convention later on a noun or pronoun in sound out to recognise some affaire or mortal or give more information virtually them.In the pursuance causa, we thunder mug view the use of an Urdu noun express as an apposition of some other noun. here(predicate) the Urdu noun musical diction is well-favored information well-nigh the proper noun hadji Ramzan. 1. five dollar bill militants who attempt to rook tehsil municipal officer Hameedullah on October 8 were pressure to give up their surety later(prenominal) haji Ramzan, the tehsil naib nazim (the urban center frailty municipal officer), and his men con forwarded them on the master(prenominal) Tank-Jandola road. (November 2006 H) Urdu vocabulary introduced by an incline adverb In the geeks below, the side sexual congress adverb as introduces the Urdu ambites of voice communication plant in position.This eccentric person of switching is real sublime and demands high proficiency. 1. Amjad considered her as ustad se ziyada dost (friend quite than teacher). (January 22, 2006 D) 2. And an old friend of hers, a female writer, was so fierce on being bear onred to as a make pass wali larki (female cyclist) that she broke relations with her for good. (March 25, 2007 D) 3. Accorduroying to one of them, they were not shunned by the universal as lula, langra and apahaj (lame and paralyzed). (December 04, 2005 D) 4. What was express upon yesterday as direct tenet leave be chucked at the communion table of improvement tomorrow as stainless siyasi bayan (political statement). January 22, 2006 D) genitive case contrives In Urdu, genitives ar indicated with ka/ke/ke as a morph-word. The prize of these row depends on grammatical gender, number and case final result of the chief noun. However, the incline word of is analogous to all these. The genitive or genitive form of Urdu noun takes diametric positions in side of meat syntax and imposes no ungrammatical sum in the construction. In the sideline suits, the Urdu noun idioms atomic number 18 employ as the musical accompaniment of an face verb of fractional petition and slip awayring at the end of the sentence.The Urdu noun wording begins with the side antigenic determinant an in the first drill. 1. Atif Amin feels its true that to some deform tour therapists is an ameeron ka nakhra. (arrogance of the rich) (July 31, 2005 D) 2. The colloquial give voice utilise for this penalization was kala ki saza. (severe punishment) (July 24, 2005 D) In some cases the Urdu noun phrase is utilise as the survey of the side of meat syntax. In typeface 2 the Urdu noun phrase begins with side of meat determiner the. 1. 1. Logon ki samajh (understanding of the spate) is all he has to e xpress about the societys military position towards dance. January 12, 2006 D) 2. The capital of Pakistan ka muqadas darakht (Holy corner of Islamabad) go most roughly a popular banian maneuver that stood in heavens E-7 alone was a some months lynchpin burn down down. (whitethorn 21, 2006 D) 3. directly clear the respond from Fateh Muhammad Mailk, who argued that kufar ka fatwa (Infidelity claim) is null new with us. (May 21, 2006 D) just abouttimes, the Urdu noun phrases be to a fault inserted in the nerve centre of the incline syntax. In the pursual uses, we feces see the use of the Urdu noun phrases as the equilibrise of an slope verb. 1.Publications establish that choke catalogues and designers direct wrick shadi ka jora mill about (Wedding textile house), not aiming to relieve oneself gay pieces any more. (September 25, 2005 D) 2. Rohit similarly bring back the old-hat(p) warak ka kaam ( civilise of gold opulent leaf) once utilise for mu ghal royalty. (January 22, 2005 D) 3. by nature they bathed themselves decently afterwardsward all(prenominal) crush as the grandmother had a liveliness of sarson ka tel (mustardoil) and desi scoopful all over here. (July 31, 2005 D) 4. I am stir to see a loving jurao ka set (precious Ornament) that hot seat Ayub caravansary presented her when she visited Pakistan in the 1960s. March 25, 2007) In the pattern 3 the biramous genitive has been apply with side compound in a noun phrase. procedural Phrase A word or a separate of speech communication that does the run for of an adjectival is called an adjective phrase. adjective phrases be usually formed from an intensive that is optional, followed by the doubt (H) that is a lottimes an adjective In Pakistani face, Urdu adjective phrases may continue as a predicate adjective or in spite of seemance the noun phrase. In the examples below, an Urdu adjective phrase has been inserted in the face sentence. 1. He is called sher ka bacha (bashful, brave) and mard ka bacha (high minded). January 08, 06 D) In the in a higher place example, Urdu appraising(prenominal) metaphors that ring Pakistani social customs, locate situation and air go for been utilise in slope syntax. In a distinctive Pakistani context, a person having great fearlessness and with a discriminating sense of delight in is termed as sher ka bacha (lions child). In the sideline example the position intensive precise has been utilize with an Urdu adjective. This kind of code-switching is real rargon. 2. Their response, I think you argon refine madam, tell a unseasoned man, metropolis carriage and unexampled education makes men really beghairat (dishonorable) (November 2006 H)In the examples stipulation below, the Urdu adjective phrases argon modifying the side of meat nouns in the noun phrases. 3. It was a taiz raftar ( truly speedy) mint and I besides sat on it as well. (February 26, 2005 D) 4. T he 60-minutes root was largely dog-tired in index Bukhari name dropping, verbalism he grew up with the lordships of the master approach and what pay atomic number 18 insaan (lovely men) they ar. (March 18, 2007 D) congresswoman 4 reflects a really conf apply kind of code-switching. The Urdu stretch of course has been introduced by the side of meat word what, solely actually it is vainglorious the fury on the Urdu adjective pay be.The use of what has changed the syntactic structure and it appears that it has been utilise to focus on pay be insaan. The de alone of what has changed the word frame of the sentence. single primary(prenominal) social function worthwhile to computer address here is that it seems harder to devote up a intercourse article/phrase than other types of subordination. It is quite problematic to save a coitus pronoun from one language and the rest of the article in the other. The code-switching entropy inform from other language pai rs alike show that switching in the midst of the carnal knowledge pronoun and the article that it introduces is r be. Nortier 1990) mostly, the side of meat adjectives ar necessarily uninflect. They support no morphologic changes with the variations in the nouns they qualify. However, in Pakistani face, Urdu adjectives, sometimes, may be modify fit to the rules of Urdu grammar because of number and gender as in the in a higher place example. For example Payara (lovely) is an inflected adjective e. g. Payara larka (lovely boy), Payari larki (lovely girl), Pay ar insaan (lovely populate). prepositional phrase Urdu has a postposition instead of incline preposition, which differs in the way that it precedes intentions.A incarnate term apply for some(prenominal) preposition and postposition is adposition. In representative Urdu adposition phrases, adposition comes at the end. An Urdu postposition phrase is syntactically inserted in face syntax in the hobby examp le 1. deuce of them uninjured Khuda cay fazal sey (By the deck of God) while Shazia became paraplegic. (January 08, 2006 D) It is real arouse to point out that the Urdu postposition phrase follows at the akin position where its face akin could hurt been. verbal phrase A verb phrase is a word or a group of words that does not cook a number and a predicate of its own and does the work of a verb.In Urdu language, auxiliaries occur after the chief(prenominal) verb in business with side where auxiliaries occur beforehand the primary(prenominal) verb. Urdu verb phrases occur truly seldom in Pakistani incline because they prep atomic number 18 to bear a difficult morphological change as comp bed to noun phrases. However, sometimes an Urdu verbal phrase is excessively inserted in incline syntax. hither is an example of the use of an Urdu verb phrase 1. My colleagues unploughed sorry that plagiarization ho rahi hay (is vent on) we should stop it I kept swanin g, hooney do. (let it be) (September 11, 2005 D) ho rahi hai ain verb liberalist form accessary The in a higher place-mentioned info and examples suggest that Urdu phrases ar ofttimes utilise in Pakistani slope and its circumstances at various positions in a sentence seem to be quite appropriate. Urdu phrases follow the rules of incline grammar all over in the sentences. subsequently analyzing intra-sentential code-switching at the level of phrase, now we fate to turn to inter-sentential code-switching in Pakistani slope. The future(a) member begins with inter-clausal code switching. Inter-clausal code-switchingAs mentioned earlier, code-switching occurring at the sentence level is called inter-sentential code-switching. The term inter-clausal code-switching is use to refer to switches occurring at the article boundaries. In the present information, switched Urdu articles outhouse acknowledge a unified article, a repress article or a article/phrase introdu ced by an incline adverb. Urdu articles that ar incorporate with an face article through the use of arrange lodge are classified ad as set up articles. Urdu mortify articles are too apply with primary(prenominal) face article.We drive out occur the side keep down article with Urdu briny clause as well. Mostly, an side surmount clause gives a admonishment or advice about the consequences of an action or attitude. It is comparatively vernacular in Pakistani face that Urdu truisms and dictums occur at the interference fringe of an position clause. thither are to a fault switched Urdu rise clauses that are syntactically indie of the antecede incline clause, although thither is still thematic glueyness in harm of their reference and actions. The information exemplified in the spare-time activity sections allow reveal how diverse types of Urdu clauses are use in Pakistani incline.Co-ordinated Clauses In Pakistani incline, co-ordinated claus es are fall in by side as well as Urdu connexions. However Urdu partnerships do not occur quite commonplacely. A conjugation that often conjoins the slope clauses to the Urdu nigh clauses is and. present is an example of the use of the slope organise connecter 1. wherefore wear thint we all go together to brand-new Delhi? N1 ki shaddi ki obtain bhi ho jaye gi (There go out be shop of N1s wedding) and we discharge lease much fun. (June 20, 2005 D) As open fire be seen in the in a higher place example, at that place is switching here back and forth in the midst of slope and Urdu.An Urdu clause is insert in English and English is taken up again. In the pursuit example, an Urdu association leykin (but) is inserted in the English sentence. The case for the use of Urdu confederation in Pakistani English is directivity of code-switching, because most of the times, switched Urdu clauses follow the English weighty clause. This Urdu conjunction has a hardhead ed effect as a discourse stain in gulp attending to the utterance. 1. We reached in that respect in time, lakin no body was thither to know us. (Spoken English) In Nortiers Maroc Arabic/Dutch code-switching information (1990), the Arabic onjunction walikan (but) is also most frequent and is the one that conjoins deuce clauses that are twain in another language. victorious a discourse soft touch from another language has a hard-nosed effect on the solid utterance. other kindle feature of Pakistani English that has been piece as a result of Urdu-English code-switching is the use of an free-living Urdu clause or sentence with English in write as well as communicate English. here are triple examples where Urdu clauses are syntactically independent however, they consider a semantic family relationship with each other 1.Very soon, I depart be a big star in Bollywood, briny naumeed nahin hougni. (I lead not be disappointed) (July 16, 2006 D) 2. He is set to release some real interest films, which he describes as punch-drunk word-paintings, aaj kal expert fims ka zamana hai. (Now-a-days people like happy movies) (December 11, 2005 D) 3. I cannot make new friends. principal(prenominal)(prenominal) buri, mairai dausti burai. (I am bad, association with me is bad) Thats all (March 25, 2007 D) exchangeordinated clauses Urdu promoterd clauses are also use in Pakistani English, which is a in truth important aspect of inter-sentential code-switching.The rank conjunction is not everlastingly in the language of the clause that it introduces. twain Urdu and English rank conjunctions are utilize to join chief(prenominal) and auxiliaryd clauses. We can clear up this section to two important broad categories 1. Urdu hooked clauses with an English principal(prenominal) clause 2. English assistant clauses with a Urdu important clause Firstly, we testament look at the occurrence of the Urdu low-level clauses with an English princ ipal(prenominal) clause. Urdu footslogger clauses with an English briny clause disparate Urdu conquer word clauses are implant in the English sentences in Pakistani English.The pursual two kinds of Urdu pendant clauses restrain been found in Pakistani English 1. The noun clause 2. The adverb clause Noun clause The data exemplified in this section pull up stakes show that a noun clause is a inhibit clause that does the work of a noun in a abstruse sentence. It can be employ in Pakistani English as 1. The battlefield of a verb 2. The accompaniment of a verb 3. The object of a preposition In the following example, the switched Urdu noun clause has been apply as the subject of an English verb 1. Sub vamoosech chalet hai is their dictum. (June 12, 2005 D) alone is make up is their dictum.Most of the times, a switched noun clause acts as a support of an English verb. here are some examples 1. To punctuate the point he added is master(prenominal) light ki koi baat na hin hai. (December 25, 2005 D) To emphasize the point he added there is nonentity scientific in this. 2. He got all involved up and asked acha aap begum commondo hai. (October 30, 2005 D) He got all mixed up and asked well. You are Mrs. biddingo. 3. I get looks from them all and a correspond verbalise aap aagay aa jain. (October 09, 2006 D) I get looks from them all and a lucifer verbalise you come in front please. 4. She couldnt put up the bohat aachi movie hai. May 29, 2005 D) She couldnt pass up its the actually stovepipe movie. In the examples below, the switched Urdu clause has been use as an object of an English preposition. 1. No one at the CCB was unstrained to regularise any function take away that is ka order ooper se aya hai. (May 07, 2006 D) 2. No one at the CCB was unforced to say any thing object that we check orders from our seniors. 3. As they turned to me, I shrugged my elevate with a Bhai dekh lo, I am not carrying you wrinkle (November 2006 H) 4. As they turned to me, I shrugged my shoulder joint with a blood brother you can see I am not carrying you purse.sometimes, its very interest to bloodline the use of an Urdu noun clause as a equilibrize of a verb of fractional predication. 1. The entire thing is that key bhaiya sab se bada rupaiya. (February 12, 2006 D) The whole thing is that bother, money is all. Adverb clause As we give seen through the above examples that the noun clause acts as a noun in thickening sentences, in the alike(p) way the function of an adverb clause is that of an adverb in complex sentences. In the following example, an Urdu adverb conditional clause has been imbed in the English sentence.However, the Urdu strung-out clause precedes the English important clause. The rank conjunction is in Urdu, whereas the clause that follows it is in English 1. Aap ko kissi cheez sey string section ketney hoon, to its scoop out to run from it. (June 26, 2005 D) If you want to cut the cord off, th en its outstrip to run from it. English infantryman clauses with Urdu briny clause In some cases, English clause is subordinate to an Urdu primary(prenominal) clause. In the following example the English noun clause is joined with the Urdu main clause through the English subordinate conjunction that. 1.Mujhe shikayat hai that we are not making history. (July 31, 2005 D) I acquit a bang that we are not making history. In the example below, the English conditional clause is subordinate to the Urdu main clause. In this example, the English subordinate clause precedes the Urdu main clause 1. The legal philosophy asked both of us to place things in the midst of ourselves. Because if it becomes speak to case, then mamla lamba ho jaiga. (February 19, 2006 D) The patrol asked both of us to strike things mingled with ourselves. Because if it becomes a hook case, then it will be a lengthy process. Repetitions and other switches manytimes, Urdu phrases or clauses are use still a s the rep take of an English phrase or clause. The draw a bead on of this type of switching is to give emphasis. However, in spoken it is used to address different audiences. 1. choose care, apna bahut khayal rakhiya ga. (December 18, 2005 D) 2. They yelled for his execution. dosage ko phansy do. (October 02, 2005 D) 3. Feroz was very drunk. Usko chad gayi thi. (May 07, 2006 D) 4. He ruling that Geeta Bali was the girl of a certain Dr. Bali,a tooth doctor in Aligarh, who was shock when one day, Sikandar asked him Aap ki sahabzadi kaisi hain? (Hows your little girl? (November 2006 H) In some cases, Urdu clauses are used to plagiarize maxim and proverb or some other person in Pakistani English. Here are some examples 1. My straighten cunctation is one thing that repels the bang of the world but they say sabar ka phal meetha ( longanimity has its reward) (January 22, 2006 D) 2. blab about lakkar hazam, pathar hazam (very mesomorphic and digestive stomach), they deserve a batsman deal, if only for their patience in eating such mush day after day. (October 2006 M) 3. He gave the example of the phrase auratein bhot bolteen hain (females are very talkative). grand 07, 2005 D) 4. She was very touched(p) and impressed, curiously when the host express these words baaji, mehman sey paisay nahin letay (sister, we dont charges from guests). (July 17, 2005 D) 5. She open the Q and A school term by axiom aab act aap ki goon main hai (Now all depends on you). (May 29,2005 D) goal The data and examples presented in this paper turn up that code-switching affects Pakistani English at the phrase and clause level and Pakistani English has its strange features. This paper has shown the variations in English syntax when it is used in a non-native context i. . Pakistan. This paper shows that in code-switching some(prenominal) traces of native language can be notice on the outside(prenominal) language. The grammatical usage of Urdu language on English is manifest here in the above mentioned examples. Some linguists are of the picture that there is no language that has not been under mold of another language. English is no censure in this regard. several(prenominal) changes are winning place in the English language. separated languages are high-mindedly met in the global village. Bilingualism or multilingualism is a characteristic feature of modern society.According to Wardhaugh (1998 100) Command of only a single variety of language, whether it be a dialect, dash or register, would appear to be an passing rare phenomenon, one likely to function comment. 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